Coffee Science_v.17, 2022

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://sbicafe.ufv.br/handle/123456789/13712

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Agronomic, anatomic and physiological characterization of Coffea arabica L. genotypes on irrigated system in the Central Cerrado
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-29) Santos, Cyntia Stephânia dos; Matos, Nagla Maria Sampaio de; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Mauri, Janaína; Rodrigues, Gustavo Costa; Veiga, Adriano Delly; Bartholo, Gabriel Ferreira; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo
Due to climatic conditions and the possibility of using machineries, coffee has a potential to achieve high yields with reduced costs, in the biome of Cerrado. Leaf anatomy and physiology can help in the identification of more adapted cultivars to a given environmental condition. The objective is to verify the behavior of Coffea arabica L. genotypes in the Cerrado of the Brazilian Central Plateau through anatomical and physiological characterization and yield. Ten coffee genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank located in the municipality of Planaltina, Distrito Federal, were evaluated. The genotypes evaluated were: Araponga MG1, Catiguá MG2, Catiguá MG3 P23, Catiguá MG3 P7, Catiguá MG3 P51, Catiguá MG3 P, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, Paraíso MG1 and Topázio MG 1190. The phenotypic characteristics evaluated were the thickness of: adaxial cuticle surface, adaxial and abaxial epidermis surfaces, the palisade and spongy parenchyma, the mesophyll layer, the phloem, number and diameter of the xylem vessels, stomatal density, relationship between the polar and equatorial diameter of the stoma, specific leaf area, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, intercellular carbon concentration and yield. Genotypes of Coffea arabica L. presented a distinction between the characteristics evaluated when grown under climatic conditions of the Brazilian Central Plateau Cerrado, highlighting the variations in the behavior and distinguished adaptation in this environment. The Araponga MG1 genotype stood out for anatomical and physiological characteristics of higher values, such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon concentration, abaxial and adaxial epidermis thickness, stomatal density and number of xylem vessels. The genotype Paraíso MG1 stands out for higher grain productivity. The genotype Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15 stands out for anatomical and physiological characteristics such as higher stomatal density, greater number of xylem vessels and greater efficiency in water use, resulting in improved productivity.
Bioactive compounds in blends of coffee defects originating from the harvesting
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-01-11) Dias, Rafael Carlos Eloy; Opitz, Sebastian Ed Wieland; Yeretzian, Chahan
A coffee crop may consist of up to 1/5 of defective beans and finding a suitable destination for this material is economically interesting. Many coffee industries collect the selections - material containing coffee defects - and blend them with non-defective coffee fruits in specific proportions to obtain a marketable product. Studies on the composition of selections are scarce. Hydro- and liposoluble bioactive compounds were determined in five types of roasted and ground selections of coffee Arabica and in healthy Arabica and Robusta coffee species throughout an optimized HPLC-UV/Vis-MS-based method. Nicotinic acid and 4-CQA were not detected. Black and sour beans seem to increase the level of caffeine (variation from 1.3 to 2.4 g 100 g-1 of sample) in the selections. The occurrence of defects decreases the level of 5-CQA, the main representative chlorogenic acid. Trigonelline content is high in Arabica coffee, and the presence of defects does not promote a clear variation in its amount. Kahweol concentration (~74.6 to 76.9 mg g-1 of oil) was practically the same up the Arabica sample set; this diterpene was absent in Robusta coffee. Cafestol (variation between 12.4 and 16.4 mg g-1 of oil) is a good quality indicator. Kahweol and 16-O-methyl cafestol are species indicators, and caffeine can point out the species of coffee. PCA revealed that sour beans were associated with the presence of kahweol, while cafestol and trigonelline were correlated to the occurrence of coffee skin. The higher the proportion of black beans, the more balanced the contents of water-soluble and liposoluble compounds.
Biocontrol of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in arabica coffee seedling by using fortified bacterial consortium
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-01-11) Pradana, Ankardiansyah Pandu; Hoesain, Mohammad; Asyiah, Iis Nur; Adiwena, Muh; Budiman, Aris; Yousif, Ahmed Ibrahim Alrashid
The damage caused by the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in coffee plants has been reported in various countries, including Indonesia. The measures to control the nematodes on coffee seedlings and fields depend on synthetic nematicides. Addressing this issue requires not only a more environmentally friendly and cheaper technology but also equal effectiveness comparable to synthetic nematicides. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of fortified bacterial consortium (FBC) involving a combination of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF), botanical pesticide, and a bacterial consortium to control M. incognita infection in Coffea arabica seedlings. The treatments in this study consisted of control, synthetic nematicide with the active ingredient fluopyram, and various FBC concentrations ranging from 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The results demonstrated that the application of 60% to 100% FBC increased plant growth. The most effective and efficient treatment for increasing plant growth was the application of 60% FBC. When compared with control plants, 60% FBC treatment resulted in 6.8% longer root, 9.5% higher plant, 5.3% heavier plant fresh weight, and 4.8% heavier root fresh weight. We also found that the application of 60% to 100% FBC increased the amount of chlorophyll in leaves. FBC application also reduced the number of nematodes in the soil up to 60.6%, the number of galls up to 286.4%, and the severity of root damage up to 118.2%. This study indicates that the application of 60% FBC is the most effective and efficient in controlling M. incognita and stimulating the growth of C. arabica seedlings.
Detection of adulterated coffee by fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy associated with sensory analysis
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Barrios-Rodriguez, Yeison Fernando; Devia-Rodriguez, Yenny; Gutierrez-Guzmán, Nelson
Because of its huge economic value, coffee has been the target of adulteration worldwide. Given the successful application of spectroscopic methods in detecting adulterants, this study aimed to employ attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to detect adulterants in roasted coffee samples and compare the results with that of sensory analysis. In this study, twelve coffee samples were intentionally adulterated with varying concentrations, i.e., 10%, 30%, and 50%, of corn, beans, sawdust, and coffee husk. These adulterated samples were compared with one un-adulterated coffee sample and four roasted and ground commercially available coffee samples; spectral readings of caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA) standards were performed for reference. The sensory analysis was performed by 17 tasters who were trained by a Q-grader. The infrared (IR) spectra (FTIR) data were processed by multiplicative signal correction (MSC) and subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA), along with the results of the sensory analysis. The combination of sensory analysis and IR spectrum allowed to differentiate samples of adulterated coffee and unadulterated coffee by PCA, with an explanation of 79% variance. The results demonstrated that the wavenumbers associated with CGA and caffeine contribute significantly in distinguishing adulterated coffee samples.
Determination of physical and mechanical properties of the coffee branch: an experimental approach
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Melo Júnior, Wellington Washington Andrade de; Santos, Fabio Lúcio; Scinocca, Francisco; Rosa, Pablo Antunes da; Magalhães, Ricardo Rodrigues
In order to reduce the human efforts during manual harvesting and increase the operational capacity and quality, the mechanization of the harvesting operation has been significantly increasing in the last few years for coffee crops. Therefore, for the design of coffee harvesting machines, the physical and mechanical properties of coffee branches are of utmost importance for harvesting machines projects. In this way, using an experimental approach, the present paper analyzes the variability of physical and mechanical properties in the coffee branches, of the Coffea arabica L., cultivar Catuaí-Vermelho (IAC 144). The branches were collected in different positions, along the orthotropic branch: upper, middle and lower parts of the plant. The mass, volume, spe-cific mass, and modulus of elasticity of the collected specimens were determined considering their position in the plant and position along the branches. According to the position in the plant, no significant differences were found between the specific mass averages for the upper, middle, and lower parts of the plant. The research obtained an average of 1.24 GPa with a standard deviation of 0.13 GPa for the elasticity modulus. A significant increase in the elasticity modulus could be noted in the branches from the top to the bottom of the plant in the present research.
Diagnosis about the perspectives of precision applications of coffee growing technologies in municipalities of Bahia, Brazil
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Fagundes, Rozymario Bittencourt; Bolfe, Édson Luis
Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world and precision agriculture (PA) is essential for the efficient management of crops. However, one of the challenges is finding the best way to do it. In this sense, we sought to present in this article a diagnosis on the perspectives of Precision Agriculture technologies applicability in the production of coffee (or Precision Coffee Growing) in some municipalities in Bahia, for greater efficiency, economic and environmental sustainability. To achieve this objective, a virtual document was sent to coffee growers in the state of Bahia. The questionnaire was sent by email in 2021 and the WhatsApp application, reaching 457 producers, 34 of whom, from all productive regions of Bahia, responded. The rate of return was 7.4%, within the expected by the use of the application. Considering the return of 34 answered questionnaires, a margin of error of 14% was obtained at a reliability level of 90%. It was found that 59.3% of the respondents have a high prospect of using PA in coffee growing, 26.6% have a medium perspective and 11.1%, a low perspective. The research shows that 67.6% do not use PA in the fields and that 51.7% consider the lack of training as a major obstacle to the use of PA and other digital technologies. Thus, the conclusion is reached that there is a promising scenario in Bahia state for the application of PA in coffee growing, if there is training for the development of techniques in farming.
Effect of flight operative height and genotypes on conilon coffee spraying using an unmanned aerial vehicle
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Vitória, Edney Leandro da; Oliveira, Ronaldo Furtado de; Crause, Deborah Hoffmam; Ribeiro, Luis Felipe Oliveira
This study analyzed the effect of operational flight height and conilon coffee genotypes in the deposition and uniformity of destruction in the plant’s can-opy. The spray were conducted using a unmanned aerial vehicle in a conilon coffee plantation. The experiment was carried out with a randomized block design and treatments arranged in a factorial scheme, with three operational flight heights in relation to the coffee canopy and three genotypes of conilon coffee (Coffea canephora). The parameters evaluated were volume median diameter (VMD), density of drops and coverage (%). The interaction between flight height variables and canopy’s range was significant for the data on VMD variables, droplet density and coverage. According to the results, spray performance at an average height of 3.0 m is better than at 2.0 and 4.0 m. At 4.0 m, we observed a decrease in these variables, and this can be explained by a possible drift caused by the wind intensity and direction at higher heights. The coverage on the genotype A1 leaves was higher when compared to the other genotypes, although flight operational height was significantly different only in this genotype, 8.1% at 4.0 m, we observed at this height the lowest coverage values.
Effect of indole-3-acetic acid on growth, physiology and nutritional status of young arabica coffee plants
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-01-20) Erlacher, Wellington Abeldt; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do; Amaral, José Augusto Teixeira do; Christo, Bruno Fardim; Ferreira, Daniel Soares; Tatagiba, Sandro Dan; Rocha, Brunno Cesar Pereira; Tomaz, Marcelo Antonio; Rodrigues, Wagner Nunes; Partelli, Fábio Luiz
Coffee is one of the main agricultural commodities in the world. Thus, research aimed at reducing the productive risks of the crop has been increasingly encouraged, among which the use of plant hormones stands out. In addition, the objective of this work was to analyze the effect of the application of indole-3-acetic acid on the growth, nutrition and gas exchange of young Coffea arabica L plants. The experiment was carried out in the field in the city of Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, testing the effect of the application of five doses of indole-3-acetic acid in young Arabica coffee plants, in four replications. The application of indole-3-acetic acid stimulates the growth rate of the stem diameter at a concentration of 60 mg L-1, as well as gas exchange in coffee plants, however it did not favor the increase in the substomatic concentration of CO2 instantaneous and intrinsic efficiency in water use and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Although the application of EIA was not able to provide direct gains in coffee growth during the experimental period, a longer evaluation of the treatments would possibly provide promising results for the coffee crop. The multivariate analysis showed that higher doses of auxin have a high relationship with the macronutrients studied.
Effects of post-harvest process on volatile - sensory profile for coffee in Colombia
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-28) Florez Arenas, Albeiro; Hincapie, Andres Mauricio Villegas; Ocampo, Gonzalo Taborda
The coffee fermentation process has been established as a determining stage regarding its quality and aroma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences that exist between five fermentation processes and within each process (at different fermentation times) based on their volatile and sensory profile. The processes evaluated were dry or natural (NA), semi-dry or honey (HO), and three variations of the wet process, called: conventional aerobic (AC), aerobic with previous fermentation in cherry (AFC) and anaerobic with previous fermentation in cherry (ANFC). The NA process obtained the highest score in the sensory profile and statistically different from the other processes. The volatile profile was determined by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 51 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tentatively identified. The main chemical families that allowed differentiating between groups of processes were ketones and pyrroles, and the VOCs that mainly contribute to differentiate between process or groups of processes are: ethanone, 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-furanmethanol, 4-vinylguayacol, 2-methylfuran, 2- butanone, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, acetylpyrazine, 1- (2-furanylmethyl) -1H-pyrrole and 2,2'-bifuran. Within each fermentation process (between treatments) no differences were found from the final score of the sensory analysis, but differences were found from volatile profile.
Evaluation of heavy metals in Roasted Coffee powder in Iran and Turkey
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Massoud, Ramona; MirMohammadMakki, FatemehSadat; MirMohammadMakki, Seyed Fathollah; MirMohammadMakki, NargesSadat; Massoud, Armita
Nowadays coffee is a popular beverage around the world used in many food industries such as chocolate, dairy industry and also confectionery. Therefore, its quality required special attention. On the other hand, heavy metals have been attracted the attention in food products due to their toxicity and health risks in the food chain. Since coffee is a desirable widely used drink in the world for different age groups, this study aims to measure the concentration of heavy metals and some other elements in several brands of coffee powder from Iran and Turkey markets. After sample collection and preparation, heavy metals were measured using ICP-MS according to the AOAC method. The results showed that fortunately lead, cadmium, cobalt, silver, chromium, and mercury were not detected in any coffee samples. Also, it was observed that Nickel was only found in 3 samples, which was less than the standard limits. The pH of all samples was measured and the range was 5.03 to 6.32 in Iranian and Turkish samples. However, there was a lack of evidence in heavy metals amounts in coffee, this study reveals successful practical information in this field in Iranian and Turkish market but also according to the importance of this issue, further comprehensive studies is needed all over the world.
Evaluation of the behavior of coffee stored in cooled and natural environments
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-01-11) Andrade, Ednilton Tavares de; Rezende, Renan Pereira; Borém, Flávio Meira; Rosa, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da; Rios, Paula de Almeida; Oliveira, Filipe da Silva de
The market value of coffee is strongly influenced by loss of quality, which makes storage one of the main steps in the entire production chain. The finite element method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are numerical and computational techniques that facilitate the simulation of agricultural product storage systems. Computational modeling satisfactorily represents real experimentation, simplifies decision-making, and reduces costs. This study aimed to analyze mocha coffee storage for 6 months in a cooled environment with temperatures between 15 and 18 °C and in a natural environment. The water content, bulk density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity were determined and colorimetry and sensory analysis were applied to compare initial and final samples of the product after storage. It was found that the water content and specific heat were the only properties that presented significant changes. Through sensory analysis, it was observed that the quality of the coffee was the same for both systems. A computational model was developed to simulate the heat transfer process during storage. The comparison of the simulation results with the experimental results for the temperature distribution in the grain mass showed overall mean relative errors of 2.34% for the natural environment and 5.74% for the cooled environment.
Factor analysis for plant and production variables in Coffea canephorain the Western Amazon
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Silva, Gabi Nunes; Barroso, Laís Mayara Azevedo; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Ferreira, Fábio Medeiros
The evaluation of morphological characters related to the hulled coffee yield subsidizes the selection of Coffea canephora plants that combine a set of favorable traits. However, the greater the number of traits considered, the more difficult the selection process becomes. In this context, multivariate analyzes can be useful to overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to identify, in a set of agronomic traits of Coffea canephora, the determining factors of biological phenomena and use these factors to recognize patterns of diversity and similarity from biological complexes of interest to the breeder. To this, eleven morphological descriptors were evaluated of 130 clones of the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta and intervarietal hybrids over two crop years in the experimental field of Embrapa, in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, state of Rondônia (RO). To group the traits, the multivariate technique of Factor Analysis was used. The effect of genotype x year interaction was significant for the eleven traits analyzed. Based on the scree plot, three factors were established. Factors were interpreted as architecture, vigor and grains with a satisfactory percentage of explained variability. The inter-pretation of the factors highlighted the importance of the Conilon variety to improve the architecture of the Robusta botanical variety. These results show that it is possible to use factor scores to identify varieties and traits that favor higher production of hulled coffee.
Genetic variability of conilon coffee population from cultivar ‘ES8152’ based on morphoagronomic variables
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Senra, João Felipe de Brites; Silva, Josimar Aleixo da; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Esposti, Marlon Dutra Degli; Milheiros, Idalina Sturião; Fassarella, Kamila Machado
This study aimed to analyze the genetic variability of Coffea canephora population with 190 genotypes from cultivar ‘ES8152’, based on morphoagronomic characteristics and vegetation index, to identify the most important characteristics for genetic divergence and compare them with commercial clones. The experiment was installed, in 2019, at the Bananal do Norte Experimental Farm/INCAPER, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Federer’s augmented block design with three blocks, four common treatments (commercial clones A1, LB1, V8 and V12) and 190 regular treatments, genotypes from the seed production field of the conilon coffee cultivar ‘ES8152’. At 24 months of age 14 morphoagronomic characteristics and vegetation index were evaluated. Descriptive analysis of the data, the estimation of the Standardized Euclidean Distance (ED) followed by the group-ing by the methods of Tocher, UPGMA and principal coordinates, in addition to the relative importance of the characters estimated by the Singh meth-odology were performed. The most distant genotypes were 62 and 83 (ED=2.620) and the closest were 42 and 160 (ED=0.208). Genotype 83 stood out as the most distant among the others. The optimization and hierarchical groupings allowed the identification of genotypes 15, 81, 107 and 184 as similar to commercial clones. The discard analysis of variables recommended the elimination of the vegetation index and average internode length of the next diversity analysis. Principal coordinate analysis found phenotypic similarity of the genotypes 30, 81, 115, 141 and 163 with the clone V12, of the genotype 119 with the clone A1 and genotype 17 with clone LB1. The study, of morphoagronomic characters, allowed to detection the genetic diversity existing in the materials evaluated, indicating those with phenotypic similarity with the commercial clones, being possible the early identification of promising genotypes, agronomically superior, to start a breeding program for clonal selection, recurrent selection and controlled crosses to maximize heterosis.
Identifying Coffea genotypes tolerant to water deficit
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Molina, Diana; Rivera, Ruben Medina
Approximately 26% of the coffee grown in Colombia is located in areas presenting water deficit, with some of these areas also presenting high solar brightness. This combination reduces coffee production, thus affecting the income of 31% of the country’s coffee-growing families. To identify accessions of the Colombian Coffee Collection (CCC) that are tolerant to water deficit, 65 genotypes were evaluated in screenhouse conditions at the National Coffee Research Center (Cenicafé), located in Manizales, Caldas, Colombia. Seedlings of each genotype were transplanted to polyethylene bags, each filled with 10 kg sandy loam Andisol soil. Two moisture treatments were applied as follows: (1) soil at field capacity (60% moisture) and (2) water deficit conditions, with soil at 50% field capacity (30% moisture). After five months, total dry biomass was determined, considered as the sum of the dry biomass of leaves, stems, and roots. The Student’s t test for independent samples was used to analyze resulting values at a level of significance of 5%. Reducing irrigation under water deficit conditions usually delays accession growth, which is reflected in decreased biomass. However, the total dry biomass of nine Ethiopian introductions of Coffea arabica (CCC238, CCC254, CCC284, CCC372, CCC474, CCC536, CCC537, CCC555, CCC1147), six diploid accessions (CCC1030, EA.20, EA.209, EA.227, EA.229, EA.287), and three interspecific hybrids of Caturra x Coffea canephora (25, 640, 702) in water deficit conditions did not differ sta-tistically from the total dry biomass obtained in treatments with irrigation at field capacity. Because these introductions present adaptation mechanisms to water deficit, they retain their leaves without reducing their leaf area or total dry biomass and should accordingly be considered as candidates for evaluation in dry regions to determine their tolerance to water deficit based on effects on production or biomass.
Impact assessment of the Coffee Social Network (Rede Social do Café)
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Pereira, Sérgio Parreiras; Bezerra, Luiza Maria Capanema; Fredo, Carlos Eduardo; Vegro, Celso Luis Rodrigues; Pereira, Cibele Maria Garcia de Aguiar
The aim of the present study was to assess the impacts of the Coffee Social Network (Rede Social do Café, in portuguese) among different categories of users through the proposal of a method based on multidimensional indicators. The CSN shares information about coffee and promotes collaboration and exchange of experiences in the coffee ecosystem. In an online study conducted in 2019 with 366 respondents, we observed an overall measured impact of the CSN of 29.1%, ranging from 25% to 37%, among eight categories of users: Agroindustry, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (TARE), Commer-cialization, Communication, Education, Research, Agricultural Production, and Other. The most expressive results were found in the Quality, Evolution in Knowledge, and Adoption of Technologies indicators, at 44.4%, 39.4%, and 38.4%, respectively. Such indicators refer to an established pattern in each one of the categories of users and are aligned with the objectives of the CSN and with its most frequent themes. The results found are relevant for the man-agement of the platform, whether as informative content or in relationship with users. Finally, the model of impact assessment proved to be appropriate for the CSN and can be applied in other social networks linked to agribusiness.
Implementation of green supply chain management for sustainable agroindustry in coffee processing unit, a case of Indonesia
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-01-09) Suryaningrat, Ida Bagus; Novita, Elida
Waste management, ecological impact, emission, and water and energy usage were common problems in coffee processing. Green cultivation, green processing or manufacturing, and green distribution as a part of green supply chain management (GSCM) which focuses on the environmental aspects, have a strong role to overcome these common problems. The purpose of this research was to study the smallholder coffee processing unit from the green concept approach in supply chain activities. The field survey, direct visit, and in-depth discussion with key persons were used in this study to reach accurate data. Farming activities, processing, and distribution aspects were also evaluated in detail as part of GSCM. The techno-ecological aspect was assessed in this study using certain criteria to determine the potential of GSCM implementation in the study area. The result of the research area found that minimizing water and optimization of processing waste have been implemented to support green processing indicators. Reducing emissions during distribution has a high potential as an effort to reach the green distribution concept. A high score of techno-ecological feasibility analysis shows that the GSCM concept has a strong potential to be implemented in this research area. Improvement activities were strongly required to support the implementation of the GSCM concept to support this small coffee processing unit.
Improving the quality of kombucha cascara with different varieties and fermentation time in diverse arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L) cultivars
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-01-12) Rohaya, Syarifah; Multahadi; Sulaiman, Ismail
One of the innovations of cascara is the kombucha cascara which is made from the fermented coffee fruit skin, which is fermented with a kombucha starter or Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY). The cascara used in this study was cascara from the Timtim, Borbor, and Ateng super coffee varieties. This study aims to determine the effect of different varieties of arabica coffee and fermentation time on the quality of kombucha cascara. This study used a factorial randomized block design method consisting of two factors. The first factor is cascara from coffee varieties consisting of three levels (Timtim, Borbor, Ateng super). The second factor is the length of fermentation, consisting of three levels (4, 8, and 12 days). Parameters analyzed were antioxidant activity, total phenol, tannin content, pH, and total microbe. The results showed that cascara from coffee varieties significantly affected antioxidant activity, and pH. Fermentation time significantly affects antioxidant activity, total phenol, tannin content, pH, and total microbial. The best treatment was obtained in the cascara treatment of the Ateng super coffee variety and the fermentation time was 12 days with the following characteristics; antioxidant activity 45.74%, total phenol 132,59 mg/L, tannin content 0.46%, pH value 2.69, and total microbes 4.99x104 CFU/ml.
Initial performance of coffee trees with different fertilizationand irrigation management
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Silva Júnior, José Geraldo da; Pin, Iago Parmanhani; Ferreira, Daniel Soares; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo
Coffee is one of the main agricultural commodities in the world. However, due to its sensitivity to water stress and changes in the availability of finite sources of nutrients and the constant search for a more sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to modulate the responses of plants to soil water and the real nutritional demand of the coffee tree. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the initial performance of arabica coffee grown with or without water restriction and with five different soil fertilization managements, in order to propose more techniques to optimize coffee production. The exper-iment was carried out in a greenhouse, in the experimental area of the Federal University of Viçosa, in the city of Viçosa-MG. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x5 factorial scheme, with two irrigation depths (40% and 80% of the available water in the soil) and five fertilization managements (conventional 100% of the recommended dose, controlled release of 80 and 100% of N and recommended K and organomineral 80 and 100% N and K of the recommended dose). In view of the observed results, it can be observed that water restriction in the initial period of coffee develop-ment provided a reduction in the variables of root and shoot growth of the plants, regardless of the soil fertilization management used. In environments with greater water restriction, no significant difference was observed between the studied fertilizers and in an environment without water restriction, the controlled release fertilizer 80% presented the highest global growth averages. Water management provided a greater effect on coffee nutrient dynamics than duly studied fertilization management.
Looking for adjustments to severe drought in coffee: lessons of a rainfall exclusion plot in the Southern Brazil
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-29) Silva, Debora Valim da; Naves, Vicente Luiz; Toro-Herrera, Mayra Alejandra; Vieira, Daniel Amorim; Mendonça, Ane Marcela das Chagas; Rambal, Serge; Barbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino
Rainfall exclusion experiments allow us assessing the effects of environmental stresses such as long-term water limitations on both leaf and canopy structural traits. This work aimed to evaluate how leaf anatomical traits and canopy development of productive coffee trees change when submitted to more dry conditions in the southern region of Minas Gerais - Brazil. The experimental plots have been set up in a plantation area in which is growing Coffea arabica L. cv. Mundo Novo- IAC 379-19, in a completely randomized arrangement, composed by three treatments: Control (C) - no gutter system; Control plus roof (Ĉ) and Exclusion system (E). Leaf anatomical and canopy traits were determined within a year at the end of each season: late Spring- 2015 (Sp), and late Summer (Su), late Autumn (Au) and late Winter (Wi) - 2016. During the studied period the rainfall exclusion condition led to a reduction in the relative water content (RWC) of leaves. In the leaf-level, as the dry condition increase, the leaves invested in thicker cuticles, reduced xylem and phloem areas and smaller stomata, especially with the rainfall exclusion. In the canopy-level, there was a remarkable reduction in leaf area index (LAI) especially in the winter as a strategy of reduction of transpiratory area, when the availability of water decreased around 25%. In a context of reduced water availability due to effects of climate change, coffee trees may be able to present modifications at both levels, to cope with the effects of this abiotic stress.
Management of coffee leaf rust using L-glutamic acid biofertilizer combined with fungicide
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-28) Cabral, Samanta Aparecida Cristiano; Mafra, Natália Moreira; Carvalho, Beatriz Fagundes de; Rezende, Dalilla Carvalho
The use of biofertilizers is a potential tool for the management of crop diseases. Coffee leaf rust, which is commonly controlled by triazole and strobilurin fungicides, is one of the main phytosanitary challenges associated with coffee cultivation. However, the indiscriminate use of such fungicides may be harmful to the environment and human health, in addition to having a negative impact on coffee exports. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of L-glutamic acid on the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust in the southern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A biofertilizer made of sugarcane molasses fermented by the bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicumwas used in combination with 25% L-glutamic acid and a fungicide of the triazole group registered for crops. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks with four replications (eight plants per replicate) and seven treatments: fungicides, control test, 0.8 L ha-1 of biofertilizer, combinations of 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 L ha-1 of biofertilizer and fungicide.Three treatments were initially applied in a preventive way, before the rainy season, and then at intervals of 60 days. After seven months of treatment, we observed that coffee leaf rust incidence was significantly lower in coffee plants treated with combined products when compared to treatments of either fungicide or biofertilizer only, with a reduction of 56% and 45%, respectively, being observed. Among the combinations of biofertilizer and fungicide, coffee leaf rust incidence reduced with an increase in the biofertilizer dose, such thatthe disease incidence in plants treated with a dose of 0.1 L ha-1was 58% lower than that in plants treated with fungicide only. No differences in disease severity were observed among the treatments. In conclusion, the use of a combination of biofertilizer and fungicide is more effective for the management of coffee leaf rust than the use of the isolated products.