Bem vindo à Biblioteca do Café
O SBICafé é um repositório temático da produção científica das instituições que integram o Consórcio Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Café (Consórcio Pesquisa Café). Seu objetivo é unificar e facilitar o acesso à produção científica das instituições consorciadas, no que se refere a temas relacionados ao agronegócio do café, aumentando assim a visibilidade, o uso e o impacto dos resultados das pesquisas depositadas, no intuito de fortalecer os projetos desenvolvidos em torno do Programa Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Café (PNP D/Café), aumentando sua produtividade, progresso e recompensas.
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Photosynthetic performance, functional traits and metabolic changes of coffee plants grown under long-term nitrogen deficiency
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2025-07-08) Barros, João Paulo Alves de; DaMatta, Fábio Murilo; Martins, Samuel Cordeiro Vitor
Nitrogen (N) is the most critical mineral nutrient required for optimal growth and productivity of coffee plants (Coffea arabica). Severe N deficiency is known to impair photosynthetic performance, biomass accumulation, and the biosynthesis of key metabolites, ultimately leading to reduced agricultural output. To advance our understanding of the physiological and metabolic responses of coffee to N limitation, we conducted a long-term experiment assessing photosynthetic, growth, and metabolic parameters under contrasting N supply conditions. Plants in the control group were cultivated with adequate N supply through the application of ammonium sulfate in combination with a standard Hoagland solution (HS). In contrast, N- deficient plants were initially grown with HS alone for 101 days, followed by complete N omission from the solution for an additional 438 days. N-deprived plants exhibited pronounced deficiency symptoms, as indicated by reduced SPAD values and foliar N concentrations. N limitation resulted in decreased maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and reduced apparent electron transport rate, accompanied by increases in the photochemical quenching coefficient and the Stern-Volmer non- photochemical quenching coefficient. Net CO2 assimilation rate was significantly reduced under N deficiency, whereas stomatal conductance and transpiration rates were elevated, leading to a decline in instantaneous water-use efficiency. Additionally, intercellular CO2 concentration was lower in N-deficient plants. At the whole-plant level, elevated transpiration in -N plants resulted in lower canopy temperatures. N deficiency was associated with widespread reductions in chloroplastic CO2 concentration, maximum carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, gross photosynthesis, maximum electron transport rate, triose phosphate utilization rate, and stomatal limitation index, collectively contributing to enhanced biochemical limitations on photosynthesis. These photosynthetic constraints led to pronounced reductions in shoot biomass accumulation in -N plants, although root-to-shoot ratio and total root length increased likely as an adaptive strategy to enhance nutrient foraging. Furthermore, N-deficient plants exhibited substantial declines in the concentrations of chlorophylls, carotenoids, amino acids (including alanine, valine, proline, glycine, serine, threonine, alanine, asparagine, glutamate, aspartate, phenylalanine, lysine, and pyroglutamate), soluble sugars (glycerol, psicose, fructose, trehalose, maltotriose, and xylulose), organic acids (glycerate, 4-amino- butyrate, and shikimate), and phytohormones (abscisic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, indole-3-acetic acid polyamines). In summary, prolonged N deprivation in coffee plants resulted in impaired photosynthetic capacity, substantial metabolic downregulation, decreased biomass accumulation, and increased water loss under well-watered conditions. The elevated transpiration rates observed in -N plants can avoid heat stress, but exacerbate their susceptibility to other abiotic stress, particularly under scenarios of water scarcity driven by climate change. These findings offer novel insights into the physiological and biochemical consequences of N limitation in coffee and highlight potential vulnerabilities under future agroecological conditions. Keywords: gas exchanges; metabolomics; N-deprivation; photochemical yield; plant growth and development
Influence of humus on chromium absorption by coffee seedlings grown on substrate containing tannery sludge
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-03-10) Berilli, Sávio da Silva; Oliveira, Dhiego da Silva; Martineli, Leonardo; Pereira, Lucas Louzada; Cunha, Maura Da; Pireda, Saulo
Chromium is present in the tannery sludges worldwide making it a problem for agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate whether humus functions as a chromium stabilizing agent when using tannery sludge in the substrate of conilon coffee seedlings (Coffea canephora) and to determine what effects there are on leaf development and anatomy. Treatments consisted of a fixed dose of tannery sludge (30% of volume) on substrates of conilon coffee seedlings with different proportions of humus and subsoil (T-10, T-20, T-30, T-40% of humus). Information for the evaluation of leaf anatomy and seedling development was collected at 180 days after the planting of cuttings. From the phenological point of view, the treatments that best promoted seedling quality were T-30 and T-40. However, the greater the amount of humus in the substrate the greater the absorption of chromium by plants, which directly affected the organization of epidermal cells and leaf mesophyll. In addition, intense cytoplasmic degradation, ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts and mitochondria, and an increase in autophagic vacuoles were observed. We conclude that increasing the amount of humus in substrate with tannery sludge provides higher quality coffee seedlings, despite promoting greater absorption of chromium by plants and the consequent major intracellular disturbances.
Cordyceps cateniannulata: its endophytic capacity and two-in-one biocontrol agent for coffee leaf rust and two coffee pests
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-05-23) Bautz, Keminy Ribett; Elliot, Simon Luke; Barreto, Robert Weingart; Venzon, Madelaine
Coffee is one of the most important agricultural products in the global economy. Coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, is the worst of all coffee diseases, and coffee berry borer – Hypothenemus hampei and coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella – are the two main insect pests of coffee. The management of this disease and these pests is mainly carried out by the application of chemicals products and, however, their management continues to challenge farmers and researchers. Biological control by entomopathogenic fungi is a strategic tool in the fight against diseases and pests that threaten coffee production. Typically, members of the fungal genus Cordyceps are best known as obligate parasites of arthropods. However, there is increasing evidence that Cordyceps, and related genera in the Hypocreales, can grow both as plant endophytes and as parasites of arthropods. Cordyceps cateniannulata was isolated from healthy coffee tissues in Cameroon during a survey for fungi antagonistic to H. vastatrix. Preliminary tests have shown that C. cateniannulata is a mycoparasite of H. vastatrix. Since the genus Cordyceps (Cordycipitaceae: Hypocreales) is well known as including species that are pathogens it was hypothesized that C. cateniannulata could be pathogenic to two of the manly pests of coffee. In the present study, we present results pertaining to the potential of C. cateniannulata as a two-in-one biocontrol agent for the management of coffee leaf rust and two coffee pests, in addition to its endophytic colonization of coffee. In chapter 1, we evaluated the systemic endophytic capacity of C. cateniannulata in coffee seedlings, effects of C. cateniannulata against uredospores of H. vastatrix and the pathogenicity of C. cateniannulata against insect pests of coffee and also the beetle Tenebrio molitor as a model. By recovering C. cateniannulata from inoculated coffee plants, via both soil drench and foliar applications, we confirmed its endophytic status. Further controlled inoculation studies showed that this strain of C. cateniannulata is also a mycoparasite of coffee leaf rust, as well as an entomopathogen; infecting and killing coffee berry borer and coffee leaf miner. In chapter 2, we evaluated the virulence of C. cateniannulata against T. molitor and H. hampei under laboratory conditions, a comparison of the virulences of C. cateniannulata and Beauveria bassiana against H. hampei and a test of the application of C. cateniannulata to coffee branches against H. hampei under field cage-test conditions. Cordyceps cateniannulata caused a significant concentration- dependent increase in insect mortality. No difference was found between the virulence of C. cateniannulata and B. bassiana to H. hampei in this essay. Under this preliminary field cage test study, C. cateniannulata application resulted in a small but significant reduction in insect survival but it did not reduce the number of fruits bored by coffee berry borer. In chapter 3, we evaluated the potential of C. cateniannulata against coffee leaf miner in an in planta experiment and compared the potential of C. cateniannulata, B. bassiana and a mixture of both fungi in the same assay. In addition, we investigated the interaction between C. cateniannulata and B. bassiana in an in vitro assay. Cordyceps cateniannulata and B. bassiana, as well as the mixture, caused high mortality of coffee leaf miner pupae and no significant difference was found between the treatments. Furthermore, no synergistic effect was observed on pupal mortality after application of the mixture of both fungi; however, C. cateniannulata sporulated in more pupae than B. bassiana. In the in vitro experiment, C. cateniannulata alone and in coculture showed larger colony sizes than B. bassiana alone and in coculture. Moreover, there was no halo of inhibition for either fungus. Here, we provide a report on the potential of C. cateniannulata as novel entomopathogenic fungus to be deployed for the control of coffee leaf rust, coffee berry borer and coffee leaf miner. Keywords: Biological control. Entomopathogenic fungi. Fungal endophytes. Hemileia vastatrix. Hypothenemus hampei. Leucoptera coffeella. Mycoparasites.
Characterization of the Coffea arabica microbiome: a comparative study of soil and fruit microbial communities under different managements
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2025-03-17) Entringer, Thaynara Lorenzoni; Silva, Marliane de Cassia Soares da; Pereira, Lucas Louzada; Soares, Denise Mara
Brazil, the world's largest coffee exporter, has had coffee cultivation as a key socio- economic driver since the 18th century. However, climate change and intensive agricultural practices have posed significant challenges, including reduced productivity and negative environmental impacts. In this context, sustainable alternatives, such as organic fertilization, have shown great promise in reconciling productivity with sustainability. In the second chapter, the microbiota of coffee fruits subjected to two fertilization treatments was evaluated: chemical fertilization (conventional) and organic fertilization. The results demonstrated that organic fertilization reduces reliance on chemical inputs, fosters the development of beneficial microbial communities, and enhances plant health. Furthermore, it contributes to quality consistency and sensory attributes. This more sustainable approach might also improve the resilience of coffee plants in the face of environmental challenges. In the third chapter, a metagenomic analysis of the soil microbiome revealed the influence of fertilization on microbial communities. Soils treated with organic fertilizers exhibited greater functional diversity of microorganisms, which play essential roles in nutrient cycling, pathogen suppression, and mitigating the effects of climate change due to their improved capacity to sequester carbon and reduce greenhouse emissions. This study is a pioneering effort to investigate the functional dynamics of the microbiome in Coffea arabica plantations in situ, examining the impacts of different fertilization regimes. The dissertation underscores that more sustainable practices, such as the use of organic fertilizers, combined with a deeper understanding of the coffee microbiome, are pivotal in addressing environmental and economic challenges, ensuring productivity, quality, and sustainability in coffee cultivation. Keywords: Coffee; Microbiome ; Metagenomics.
Influência da macaúba na radiação solar incidente, microclima e aspectos agronômicos do cafeeiro
(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018-03-23) Gonçalves, Débora Ribeiro; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Fernandes, Raphael Bragança Alves; Kuki, Kacilda Naomi
Estudos recentes demonstram que os efeitos das mudanças climáticas podem afetar a adequação climática ao café, sobretudo arábica (Coffea arabica L.) nas principais regiões produtoras. O aumento da temperatura e as mudanças nos padrões de precipitação poderão reduzir consideravelmente o rendimento e a qualidade de grãos, aumentando a pressão econômica principalmente sobre os agricultores familiares. Os sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) têm se destacado como alternativa capaz de manter a sustentabilidade do cultivo de café frente à ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos. Contudo, as condições de solo e microclima em cada SAF podem variar muito. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência da macaúba na radiação solar incidente, microclima e aspectos agronômicos do cafeeiro. Foram coletados dados de cafeeiros cultivados em SAF localizado na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, correspondente aos tratamentos CE e CP (cafeeiros mais expostos e mais protegidos da radiação, respectivamente) e de cafeeiros cultivados a pleno sol, PS. Os sistemas foram caracterizados com relação à precipitação, incidência de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa, umidade do solo e temperatura do ar. Os dados agronômicos coletados nos cafeeiros (incremento na altura, diâmetro da copa e número de nós dos ramos plagiotrópicos no período experimental, potencial hídrico foliar em quatro datas, produção nos anos de 2016, 2017, média do biênio e rendimento de grãos em 2017) foram analisados através do software R, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Também foi realizada a classificação dos grãos por peneiras. As diferentes condições de radiação incidente no SAF alteram o microclima do sistema. As características agronômicas do cafeeiro são influenciadas, além da radiação incidente, pela competição por recursos entre o café e a macaúba, sobretudo hídricos
