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Item Detection of the fruit ripeness stage in the pre-harvest of Coffea arabica(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2025-11-28) Bastos, Flávia de Souza Veronezzi; Pereira, Inara Almeida; Melo, Bruno Manoel Rezende de; Ferreira, Sindynara; Kloss, Rodrigo Barbosa; Santos, Telma Miranda dosThe objective of this work was to determine the optimal number of plants to be sampled and which method best represents the green-maturation stage of the Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and Mundo Novo IAC 376-4 Coffea arabica cultivars. The experimental design consisted of four treatments: harvest of the fruits located in the central bud of 12 plagiotropic branches; harvest of the fruits located in the first bud, central bud, and last bud of 12 plagiotropic branches; harvest of all fruits of 12 plagiotropic branches; and harvest of all fruits of the plant. Both coffee cultivars were subjected to all treatments, with the respective evaluation of the percentage of green fruits. For the two cultivars, the first, second, and fourth treatments adequately represent the percentage of green fruits of the crop. It is recommended to use the collection of fruits from the central bud of the plagiotropic branches to determine the percentage of green fruits of both cultivars. For the Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and Mundo Novo IAC 376-4 cultivars, the optimal number of plants to be sampled to quantify the green phenological stage is 13 and 14, respectively.Item Productivity, chemical and sensory characteristics of arabica coffee under different water regimes in the Brazilian Cerrado Central Plateau(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2025-08-18) Celestino, Sonia Maria Costa; Silva, Patrícia Carvalho; Ramos, Maria Lucrécia Gerosa; Silva, Nathalia Henriques da; Brasileiro, Lemerson de Oliveira; Rocha, Omar Cruz; Malaquias, Juaci Vitória; Ribeiro Junior, Walter QuadrosThe objective of this work was to evaluate arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) under irrigation regimes in the Brazilian Cerrado Central Plateau regarding productivity, chemical quality of raw grains, and sensory quality of the beverage. The experiment was conducted in 2020/2021, with the regimes consisting of two levels of replacement, 100% and 50% of water requirement: irrigation throughout the year, water deficit from April to September, and water deficit from June to September. The chemical characteristics studied were: soluble solids, sucrose, trigonelline, caffeine, caffeoylquinic and citric acids. Sensory analysis was performed by SCA. The regimes of water replacement 100% with irrigation throughout the year and water deficit from June to September present higher productivity of arabica coffee in 2020 and 2021. In regimes with greater water restriction, the levels of sucrose and trigonelline in raw grains increase. In regimes with greater water replacement, the level of citric acid in the raw grains increases. Both regimes with a water deficit from June to September with 100% and 50% of the crop water requirement produce a beverage of excellent quality due to greater uniformity in grain maturation. With 50% of the crop water requirement, the water deficit from April to September is harmful to the quality of the beverage compared to the water deficit from June to September due to the period of two additional months in water stress.Item Enhancing genetic gains in conilon coffee through intra-population recurrent selection in Espírito Santo, Brazil(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2025-08-25) Comerio, Marcone; Senra, Joao Felipe de Brites; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Verdin Filho, Abraão Carlos; Volpi, Paulo Sérgio; Fonseca, Aymbiré Francisco Almeida da; Ferrão, Romário Gava; Silva, Josimar Aleixo da; Rodrigues, Wagner Nunes; Posse, Sheila Cristina Prucoli; Maciel, Laiane Silva; Tomaz, Marcelo AntonioRecurrent intrapopulation selection is a key approach for the plant breeding of Coffea canephora, enabling the development of progenies superior to their parents while preserving genetic variability. This study was conducted in Espírito Santo, a major Conilon coffee production hub in Brazil, across two environments with contrasting soil and climatic conditions. This study to evaluated the agronomic performance, selection gains, and genetic divergence of 56 hybrid progenies from a late-maturing population, along with six parental plants. Genetic parameter estimates confirmed the presence of genetic variability and selection potential among the genotypes. Using Mulamba and Mock and Additive selection indices, 16 promising progenies were identified for the development of new cultivars. The strategy proved effective in recommending high-yielding genotypes adapted to each environment, highlighting its importance for sustainable cultivation under diverse edaphoclimatic conditions.Item Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of Coffea arabica L. seeds(Editora UFLA, 2022-08-08) Ferreira, Iara Alves; Fávaris, Nathália Aparecida Bragança; Rosa, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da; Coelho, Stefânia Vilas Boas; Ricaldoni, Marcela Andreotti; Costa, Marina ChagasThe causes of the low desiccation tolerance and low longevity of coffee seeds have not yet been fully elucidated, and a full understanding of their complex physiology is of great interest. Among several alternatives, the loss of antioxidant capacity in seeds may be related to their rapid loss in quality during storage. The objective of this study was to determine the total antioxidant capacity of coffee harvested at different ripeness stages before and after the storage of seeds with different water contents and to relate antioxidant capacity to physiological quality. Seeds in the greenish-yellow or cherry stages, recently harvested or stored for nine months at 10 °C with 40, 30, 20 and 12% water content (wet basis - wb), were submitted to physiological and biochemical quality evaluations, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was determined. The germination and root protrusion of coffee seeds from greenish-yellow and cherry fruits were not affected by drying, but seeds harvested at physiological maturity had greater vigor when the moisture content was lower. The quality of coffee seeds decreased during storage, and this decrease was greater in seeds stored with higher water contents. Coffee seeds in the greenish-yellow stage had a higher antioxidant capacity than those in the cherry stage when recently harvested, but there was a substantial reduction in this capacity during storage at both maturation stages. Coffee seed deterioration is related to a reduction in antioxidant capacity, and the isoenzymatic profiles of the antioxidant process are little affected by the seed maturation stage. The deterioration of coffee seeds during storage is related to a reduction in their total antioxidant capacity, regardless of their maturation stage, being more pronounced in the greenish-yellow stage.Item Nutritional characteristics of conilon coffee genotypes grown in transition altitude with water management in soil(Editora UFLA, 2021-12-06) Salles, Rodrigo Amaro de; Jordaim, Renan Baptista; Colodetti, Tafarel Victor; Rodrigues, Wagner Nunes; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do; Tomaz, Marcelo AntonioThe modification of water management in the Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) crop is a possible strategy to improve nutritional management efficiency and ensure better use of the genotypes for regions of transitional altitude. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of 27 genotypes of C. canephora and submit them to two water management schemes in soil. The goal was to find evidence of higher leaf contents, exports, and nutrient recycling potential in the productive branches of various genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications in a split-plot scheme. The treatment consisted of 27 genotypes of C. canephora and two water management schemes in soil (“Irrigated” and “Rainfed”). Nutritional content in leaves, exported by fruits, and pruned (leaves and stem of plagiotropic branches) recyclable contents were evaluated for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Variations were observed among genotypes for all the parameters evaluated in both water management in soil. However, significant homogeneous groups were formed among the genotypes in the irrigated management. Furthermore, the genotypes showed distinct nutritional characteristics in response to water management in the soil. Genotypes 108 and 302 had higher nutritional content and were exported by fruits, regardless of soil water management.Item Physiological quality of Arabica coffee seeds treated with essential oils(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2026-02-02) Coelho, A. P. F.; Araujo, E. F.; Souza, R. A. de; Freitas, M. R. de; Silva, C. S. da; Pedrosa, A. W.; Lisboa, C. F.; Araujo, R. F.The preservation of Coffea arabica L. seeds is essential to obtain vigorous and healthy seedlings, but there are no registered fungicides for their phytosanitary treatment during the storage phase. Therefore, essential oils appear as promising alternatives due to the presence of bioactive compounds with potential antimicrobial action, in addition to contributing to the sustainability of the production chain. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of Arabica coffee seeds treated with different essential oils during storage. Six essential oils (Rosmarinus officinalis, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon winterianus, Syzygium aromaticum, Eucalyptus globulus and Melaleuca alternifolia), a synthetic fungicide (TECTO®) and a control were used, subjected to five storage periods (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). The physiological quality of the seeds was verified by means of standard germination and vigor tests: moisture content, germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence and emergence speed index. There was a significant interaction between treatments and storage time for all variables analyzed. The essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis and Cymbopogon winterianus preserved seed germination and vigor for up to nine months, a performance similar to that of the synthetic fungicide. Thus, these oils stand out as viable alternatives to the conventional fungicide treatment of Arabica coffee seeds.Item Fruit development and maturation in clones of Coffea canephora implanted in south Amazonas(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2026-02-09) Lima, O. A.; Relvas, R. M. S.; Silva, E. P.; Araujo, O. P.; Souza, M. N.; Silva, I. S.; Pautz, C.; Carneiro, A. S.; Moutinho-Filho, M. D.; Santos, M. F. C.; Souza, M. S.This study aimed to evaluate fruit maturation of Coffea canephora cultivated in the southern region of Amazonas, focusing on the crop's phenological stages, which were introduced for the first time in Humaitá-AM for production trials. The experiment was conducted at the Mangabeiras Experimental Farm, part of the Institute of Education, Agriculture and Environment (IEAA) of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Humaitá campus. A randomized block design with four blocks and eight replicates per block was used. Each plot consisted of 14 rows, with 4 border plants. Evaluations began the main flowering event on September 3, 2021, and continued until June 2022. The phenological stages assessed were: pinhead, fruit expansion, green bean, light green (verde cana), cherry, and raisin. These stages were analyzed as percentages based on a selected branch. Clones were grouped by maturation time: intermediate (BRS 1216, BRS 2299, BRS 3210, BRS 3213, BRS 3220, Clone 12, RO C160, Clone 09, Clone 15), late (BRS 2314, BRS 2336, BRS 2357), and early (BRS 3137, BRS 3193). The pinhead and fruit expansion stages occurred from September to December, followed by fruit filling from January to April. In May, the light green stage was observed, coinciding with rapid fruit development under average temperatures of 26 °C and precipitation of 130 mm. These environmental conditions favored maturation, allowing fruits to reach the cherry stage by the end of the evaluation period.Item Varietal identification of coffee seeds by RAPD technique(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2004-07) Crochemore, Maria Lúcia; Nunes, Liliane Moreira; Andrade, Giselly Aparecida; Molinari, Hugo Bruno Correa; Vasconcellos, Maria ElizabethThis study aimed the identification of cultivars and/or lines of Coffea arabica of commercial interest, using PCR-RAPD markers. The DNA of ground seeds lots of 12 cultivars and/or lines were evaluated with five primers (Operon OPA 01, OPA 04, OPG 11, OPY 16, and OPX 09) were obtained from a selection of 56 primers. The electrophoretic profiles allowed distinction among eight cultivars and/or lines as well as heterogeneity between and within lots of IAPAR59.Item Interaction between systemic insecticide and humic substance applied to Conilon coffee seedlings(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2025-11-17) Rampinelli, Gabriel Barbieri; Zucoloto, Ronyson Ruy; Simon, Cátia Aparecida; Lima, Sebastião Ferreira de; Jegeski, Rodrigo Fraga; Bacheti, Bliane MoroziniThe objective of the study was to evaluate Conilon coffee seedlings treated with a systemic insecticide and a humic substance, both of which have growth-promoting functions. The experiment was conducted in a commercial nursery for the production of Conilon coffee seedlings in the municipality of Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme with four replicates. Two clones, A1 and K61, were used, and treatments included the use of insecticides alone or in combination with humic substances. Characteristics of roots, shoots, leaves, and cuttings of Conilon coffee seedlings were evaluated. The combined use of insecticides and humic substances resulted in increases of 39.0%, 47.8%, and 20.5% in shoot length, leaf area, and root volume, respectively, compared to the control. Superior production of leaf and aerial biomass was also observed in clone A1 due to the use of the insecticide in combination with the humic substance. It was concluded that clone A1 has better seedling growth compared to clone K61 and that the use of insecticide in combination with humic substances is recommended for the production of Conilon coffee seedlings.Item MGS Turmalina: A short rust-resistant Arabica coffee cultivar with drought tolerance and superior beverage quality(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2025-07-15) Oliveira, Antônio Carlos Baião de; Pereira, Antônio Alves; Abrahão, Juliana Costa de Rezende; Ferreira, André Dominghetti; Botelho, Cesar Elias; Nadaleti, Denis Henrique Silva; Caixeta, Eveline Teixeira; Gonçalves, Flavia Maria Avelar; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues; Salgado, Sonia Maria Lima; Silva, Vania Aparecida; Figueiredo, Vanessa Castro; Andrade, Vinicius TeixeiraThe MGS Turmalina coffee cultivar is short in size, matures early, and is rust resistant. It has demonstrated a higher yield than the Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 cultivar in different regions, standing out in environments with greater water deficit. The market value of MGS Turmalina beans is higher due to its superior cup quality.