Association Between Black Tea and Coffee Consumption, Socioeconomic Status, and Digestive Disorders: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the relationship between black tea and coffee consumption and the prevalence of digestive system disorders in the Azeri population of East Azerbaijan, Iran, while considering the influence of underlying social and economic conditions. A case-control study involved 186 patients diagnosed with digestive system disorders and 185 healthy controls. Data were collected via questionnaires that assessed demographic factors, black tea and coffee consumption habits, water intake, and socioeconomic status. We used a rapid urease test to detect Helicobacter pylori infection in the patients. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, with a p-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Black tea and coffee consumption was significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Patients also had lower levels of education and financial status. Daily water intake was significantly lower in patients, while consumption of liquids with meals was higher (p < 0.05). Additionally, patients who consumed black tea and coffee after meals had a higher prevalence of digestive disorders. High consumption of black tea and coffee is associated with an increased risk of digestive system disorders, especially among individuals with lower socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that dietary habits, along with underlying social and economic conditions, should be considered when managing digestive health, especially in populations with high black tea and coffee consumption.