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Item Nitrogen dynamics in a Latosol cultivated with coffee(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2018-06) Souza, José A.; Rocha, Genelício C.; Gomes, Mateus de P.; Rezende, Carlos H. S.The objective of this study was to evaluate nitrogen losses by NH 3 volatilization and quantify the upward and downward NO 3- flows in Latosol cultivated with arabica coffee. An experiment was set in 2010, in Viçosa-MG, Brazil (20 o 41’ S and 42 o 48’ W), in a randomized block design in a (3 x 2) + 1 factorial arrangement with three nitrogen doses (200, 400 and 600 kg ha -1 ), two forms of urea (conventional and NBPT urease inhibitor-treated) and one additional treatment without nitrogen fertilization, with four replicates. Semi-open type chambers were installed to quantify NH 3 volatilization. To determine the concentration and flow of NO 3- a soil solution extractor was installed in each plot at a 1-m depth together with three tensiometers at depths of 0.90, 1.00 and 1.10 m. Nitrogen losses by volatilization were 3.51 and 11.21% for NBPT-treated urea and conventional urea, respectively. The rainfall (1172 mm), its distribution and the dose strongly influenced the losses by leaching. Urease inhibitor-treated urea led to higher risk of groundwater contamination with NO 3- . Returns of NO 3- occur in periods of drought, but it is not possible to state if this NO 3- can be used by the plant because, under these conditions, the soil has low moisture content, which may compromise the absorption.Item Nitrate leaching through climatologic water balance in a fertigated coffee plantation(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013-11) Bortolotto, Rafael Pivotto; Bruno, Isabeli Pereira; Dourado-Neto, Durval; Timm, Luís Carlos; Silva, Adilson Nunes da; Reichardt, KlausNitrate losses from soil profiles by leaching should preferentially be monitored during high rainfall events and during irrigation when fertilizer nitrogen applications are elevated. Using a climatologic water balance, based on the models of Thornthwaite and Penman Monteith for potential evapotranspiration, drainage soil water fluxes below the root zone were estimated in a fertigated coffee crop. Soil solution extraction at the depth of 1 m allowed the calculation of nitrate leaching. The average nitrate concentration in soil solution for plots that received nitrogen by fertigation at a rate of 400 kg ha -1 , was 5.42 mg L -1 , surpassing the limit of the Brazilian legislation of 10.0 mg L -1 , only during one month. For plots receiving 800 kg ha -1 of nitrogen, the average was 25.01 mg L -1 , 2.5 times higher than the above- mentioned limit. This information indicates that nitrogen rates higher than 400 kg ha -1 are potentially polluting the ground water. Yearly nitrate amounts of leaching were 24.2 and 153.0 kg ha -1 for the nitrogen rates of 400 and 800 kg ha - 1 , respectively. The six times higher loss indicates a cost/benefit problem for coffee fertigations above 400 kg ha -1 .Item Nitrogen loss by volatilization of nitrogen fertilizers applied to coffee orchard(Editora UFLA, 2016-03) Dominghetti, Anderson William; Guelfi, Douglas Ramos; Guimarães, Rubens José; Caputo, André Luiz Carvalho; Spehar, Carlos Roberto; Faquin, ValdemarAmmonia volatilization (N-NH3) is one of the main pathways of Nitrogen loss reducing nitrogen use efficiency in coffee orchard. This work aimed at quantifying ammonia volatilization (N-NH3) losses from N-sources to be used in coffee plantations fertilization in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the field on a dystrophic red latosol (Ferralsol in FAO’s classification) at the Coffee Research Sector, University of Lavras, MG, Brazil. The experimental design was of complete randomized blocks with three repetitions of the following treatments: conventional urea, ammonium nitrate and urea + 0.15% Cu and 0.4% B, urea + anionic polymers, urea + elementary sulfur (S 0) + polymers, and urea + plastic resin. These N sources were split into three doses of 150 kg ha -1 and band applied. The N-NH3 losses by volatilization and variations of pH (H2O) were measured, before and after N application. The N-sources contributed to reduce the soil pH, measured after the third nitrogen fertilization. The N-NH3 losses by volatilization (average from three applications) was as follows: urea + anionic polymers (35.8%) > conventional urea (31.2%) = urea + S 0 + polymers (31.0%) > urea + 0.15% Cu + 0.4 % B (25.6%) > urea + plastic resin (8.6%) = ammonium nitrate (1.0%).