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Item Responsabilidade social da mulher na sucessão da cafeiculturana Região das Matas de Minas(Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAU, 2019-12-31) Faria, Mariana Rodrigues de; Ferreira, Williams Pinto Marques; Ferreira, Silvana Maria Novais; Salton, AngeloA produção de café na região das Matas de Minas é responsável pela quarta parte do total produzido em Minas Gerais, sendo que grande parte desta produção é proveniente da agricultura familiar. Porém, as propriedades familiares são caracterizadas por serem conduzidas pelo núcleo familiar e com pouco auxí¬lio tecnológico, podendo tornar sua continuidade incerta para as gerações futuras. Objetivou-se abordar o processo de sucessão entre gerações de cafeicultores dentro dos contextos culturais, econômicos e sociais, dando ênfase no papel da mulher no processo de hereditariedade da cultura agrí-cola aos filhos. No presente estudo, foram analisados 146 questionários aplicados às mulheres das propriedades rurais da região das Matas de Minas, abordando sua participação no processo de sucessão.Foram utilizadas análises estatí¬sticas descritivas para discussão dos resultados. Foi possí¬vel observar que as mulheres entrevistadas participam do processo de sucessão da atividade cafeeira. Porém, não existem estratégias para a realização do processo de sucessão, bem como critérios definidos para a escolha dos herdeiros. Existe a tendência de a cafeicultura possuir a tradição das famí¬lias em trabalhar nesse setor, podendo influenciar os responsáveis a motivarem seus possí¬veis herdeiros a permanecerem nessa atividade. Conclui-se que é necessário haver maior preocupação e planejamento por parte das famí¬lias envolvidas na cafeicultura para que os futuros herdeiros se sintam engajados e motivados a continuar nesse setor. As mulheres, apesar de praticarem o processo de sucessão no meio rural, precisam ter consciência da importância do papel que exercem tanto dentro da famí¬lia quanto no processo de preparação dos possí¬veis sucessores.Item Domínio Tecnológico distribuído: evidências da agroindústria de café brasileira(Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAU, 2019-05-30) Gonzalez, Rafael KuramotoEste artigo diz respeito ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e inovação numa indústria intensiva em processamento de recursos naturais (IIPRN) no contexto brasileiro. É objetivo da pesquisa explorar como o domí¬nio tecnológico distribuí¬do auxiliou no desenvolvimento tecnológico de uma agroindústria de café solúvel nas décadas de 1970 a 2010. A literatura de inovação já apresenta uma considerável compreensão acerca do processo desagregado e distribuí¬do de construção de domí¬nio tecnológico entre parceiros em empresas de economias emergentes. Contudo, pouco se explorou como esse domí¬nio distribuí¬do se modifica e/ou evolui ao longo do tempo. Ademais, alguns estudos encapsulam as IIPRN com limitada oportunidade de criação de conhecimento tecnológico, desenvolvimento de atividades de inovação e externalidades positivas para o desenvolvimento econômico. Entretanto, pouco se investigou o processo de industrialização e de desenvolvimento tecnológico em IIPRN, com raras exceções. Baseando-se em evidências da agroindústria do café solúvel, por meio de um desenho qualitativo com base em uma estratégia de estudo de caso em ní¬vel de empresa, e com cobertura de longo prazo, esta pesquisa encontrou: (a) Heterogeneidade nos tipos de parceiro acessados e formação do domí¬nio tecnológico distribuí¬do entre as diferentes funções tecnológicas; (b) Heterogeneidade nos tipos de parceiro e formação do domí¬nio tecnológico distribuí¬do ao longo do tempo. Ademais, a pesquisa concluiu que as IIPRN podem oferecer oportunidades para inovações significativas, serem protagonistas na criação tecnologias e participarem ativamente de redes complexas de conhecimento tecnológico.Item Roasting variations and brewing methods in the preparation of clear Coffee Beverages from Gayo Arabica Coffee(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2024-07-29) Sulaiman, Ismail; Marsyanda; Erika, CutCoffee drinks are trendy drinks around the world, and they usually contain caffeine. However, this research focuses on creating a coffee drink that does not contain caffeine so that those who cannot consume it can enjoy it. The resulting coffee drink is a colorless coffee drink. The coffee production process initially produces a black-colored drink, but it can turn it into a clear-colored drink through distillation and chemical methods. This research aims to study the process of making clear coffee by varying roasting and brewing levels with various variations to obtain clear-colored coffee and low caffeine levels. Preparation of clear coffee drinks is done by brewing espresso and Tobruk, which is then analyzed for pH, caffeine, and color tests on the results of the clear coffee drink. Based on the ranking test on each parameter tested on clear coffee drinks, the best treatment is using the distillation method, espresso brewing, and medium roasting level. The analysis results of this selected formulation produced a transparent beverage color (clear), pH 3.5, and caffeine levels of 4.639 mg/mL.Item Estrangeiras e nacionais: as maiores casas exportadoras de café em Santos (1897-1930)(Departamento de Economia, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo (FEA-USP), 2023-08-07) Silva, Gustavo Pereira daNo período 1897-1930, as lavouras do estado de São Paulo responderam por aproximadamente dois terços das sacas de café exportadas pelo Brasil, grãos que eram negociadas no porto de Santos. Mas, quais eram as firmas responsáveis por exportar o café brasileiro no porto paulista? A historiografia convencionou apontar o domínio de empresas estrangeiras sobre a comercialização do café no período citado. Embasado nos arquivos da Associação Comercial de Santos e nas edições do Wileman’s Brazilian Review, o artigo demonstra que as casas inglesas e alemãs lideraram as exportações em Santos até 1913, mas, com o início da I Guerra Mundial em 1914 e na década de 1920, houve casas nacionais/brasileiras que lideraram a exportação e passaram rivalizar com firmas estrangeiras, sendo que estas firmas passaram a ser as estadunidenses.Item Alternative substrates for the production of clonal Coffea canephora seedlings(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2024) Balbino, Tony José; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Tavella, Leonardo Barreto; Teixeira, Richelly Gisela Pasqualotto; Bravin, Núbia Pinto; Dias, Jairo Rafael Machado; Bravin, Maísa PintoThe objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of coffee husk, elephant grass, and sugarcane alone or combined with each other or with commercial compounds, as well as their use as substrate for the production of clonal Coffea canephora seedlings. The experiment was carried out in two stages: one for the physicochemical characterization of the substrates, and the other for evaluations of the growth of coffee seedlings in these substrates. In the first stage, the treatments consisted of coffee husk (CH), elephant grass (EG), sugarcane (SC), commercial substrate (CS), vermiculite (VM), and their combinations. In the second stage, the standard substrate (soil) was also evaluated. CH presented a high electrical conductivity and density and a low aeration space and available water. SC stood out for its lower pH and density and its greater porosity. SC and EG were viable for coffee seedling production, not differing from the commercial and standard substrates. With the exception of CH+EG, CH+CS, and EG+SC, the combined substrates allowed of a greater seedling growth than the isolated ones. CH was only viable as a substrate when combined, especially with VM. Combining CH, SC, and EG to the standard substrate improves the quality of clonal C. canephora seedlings.Item MGS Guaiçara and MGS Vereda: Coffea arabica cultivars resistant to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2022-09-01) Salgado, Sônia Maria de Lima; Fatobene, Bárbhara Joana dos Reis; Pereira, Antonio Alves; Abrahão, Juliana Costa de Rezende; Botelho, Cesar Elias; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues; Oliveira, Antônio Carlos Baião de; Ferreira, André Dominghetti; Figueiredo, Vanessa Castro; Vilela, Diego Junior Martins; Luz, Silvana Ramlow Otto Teixeira da; Andrade, Vinicius TeixeiraMGS Guaiçara e MGS Vereda are resistant to Meloidogyne paranaensis, one of the most aggressive nematode parasites of coffee. MGS Vereda is an early maturation cultivar, whereas MGS Guaiçara has a medium maturation cycle. Both cultivars produce red fruit, have high size, and high yield potential in infested areas.Item 16S metabarcoding analysis reveals the influence of organic and conventional farming practices on bacterial communities from the rhizospheric of Coffea arabica L.(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2023-11-03) Andrade, P. H. M.; Machado, P. C.; Paula, A. F.; Paganin, A. C. L.; Rezende, G. S.; Matheucci Jr., E.; Carvalho, L. M.; Freire, C. C. M.; Cunha, A. F.; Lacava, P. T.Coffea sp. is cultivated in many tropical countries. Brazil has always adopted intensive agricultural practices, but organic coffee farming is an alternative system based on the non-use of agrochemicals and the rational management of soils. Metabarcoding 16S analysis using next-generation sequencing has been developed to identify and compare the diversity of the Coffea arabica L. rhizospheric bacterial community in two farming areas in São Paulo, Brazil. Dourado uses conventional farming, while Ribeirão Corrente uses organic. We found broad taxonomic composition, with sequences from 24 phyla, 55 classes, 61 orders, 146 families, and 337genus. The three most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (38.27%), Actinobacteria (15.56%), and Acidobacteria (16.10%). In organic farming, the top 3 were the family Sphingomonadaceae, order Rhizobiales, genus Nocardioides, and Gp6. The genus Gp2 and the phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria were the most abundant OTUs exclusively present in conventional farming. In the organic farming practice, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were also present among the exclusive OTUs; we also found OTUs belonging to Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia. Our study indicates a positive effect of organic farming on microbial communities. Fertilization may directly affect soil microbiota, suggesting that a large and active microbial community low in functional diversity might not adapt to new climatic conditions. A diverse community could provide better resilience to environmental changes, improving the productivity of this important crop.Item Variability of volatile compound profiles during two coffee fermentation times in northern Peru using SPME-GC/MS(Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos – ITAL, 2023-05-15) Perez, Jhordy; Calderon, Martha Steffany; Bustamante, Danilo Edson; Caetano, Aline Camila; Mendoza, Jani Elisabet; Fernandez-Güimac, Samia Littly JahavelyThe time of the fermentation process of coffee from northern Peru is variable (9 to 48 hours) since coffee farmers do not use standardized processes, causing a variety of coffee qualities. This study aimed to identify volatile compounds in both short (9 hours) and long (32 hours) coffee fermentation processes from coffee farms in northern Peru using Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) to associate the coffee quality and diversity of volatile compounds. Sensory analyses showed that the short fermentation process (SFP) scored 77.8 ± 0.39 and had chocolate, wood, cardboard, dry, fatty and rough notes, while the long fermentation process (LFP) showed higher punctuations 85.5 ± 3.16 and citrus, fruity, floral, caramel and chocolate sensory attributes. A total of 90 compounds were found in the SFP, whereas 141 compounds were identified in the LFP. Significant differences in the relative abundance of 14 chemical compounds were reported in the SFP and LFP (p < 0.05). From these results, the presence of benzaldehyde, methional, hexanal, 2-heptanone, pentadecane, 1-butanol-3-methyl-acetate, and benzene-acetic acid ethyl ester seems to impact the quality of coffee. The analysis of similarities showed that coffee samples (5 h and 9 h) during the SFP were very variable, whereas coffee samples from LFP showed some tendency to group, which may be related to the difference in altitude and temperature in coffee farms making comparison between them difficult. In addition, this study highlights the complex relationship between coffee fermentation and flavour and the influence of several factors and variables that may affect the composition of flavour and aroma precursors in green coffee beans obtained from wet fermentation.Item European strategic trade policy and Brazilian export growth during the nineteenth century(Departamento de Economia, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo (FEA-USP), 2022-04-04) Absell, Christopher DavidUntil the Amazonian rubber boom, cane sugar and coffee were the two most important export commodities for Brazil during the nineteenth century. Despite inherent differences in methods of cultivation, both sugar and coffee at once benefitted and suffered from the characteristics of Brazil’s factor endowment in land, labour and capital. Yet these two export commodities demonstrated divergent growth patterns across the nineteenth century. The difference was not one of relative productivity and thus price competitiveness disadvantage, but of the imperfectly competitive nature of the international market for each commodity. European governments actively practised strategic trade policy to transfer profits from foreign to domestic or colonial firms. These market distortions were exogenous, imposed by consumer markets, and took the form of European colonial tariff preferences and subsidies to domestic production. Coffee suffered less from imperfect competition, thus remaining more profitable to Brazilian agricultural producers in the long run.Item Land Use and Changes in Soil Morphology and Physical-Chemical Properties in Southern Amazon(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2017) Melo, Vander Freitas; Orrutéa, Alessandro Góis; Motta, Antônio Carlos Vargas; Testoni, Samara AlvesMany Amazonian farmers use the slash-and-burn method rather than fertilization for crop production. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in the morphological, physical, and chemical properties of naturally fertile Inceptisols after conversion from native forest to different uses in southern Amazonia, Brazil. Land covered by dense native forest (NF) was split into four areas of 1.0 ha each. Three areas were slashed and burned and then cultivated for 11 years with coffee (CO), secondary forest (SF), and pasture (PA). Four soil profiles were sampled in each treatment (four uses × four replicates). The mean value distribution of each physical and chemical analysis was determined for different depths, and standard error bars were placed to display significant differences among treatments. Results showed that morphology and physical properties were negatively affected after the establishment of PA and CO: a reduction in the thickness of the A horizon and in aggregate stability, a decrease in total porosity and macroporosity, and an increase in aggregate size and bulk density. Soil bulk density (SBD), geometric mean diameter of water-stable aggregates (GMD), and microporosity (SMi) were higher in soil under pasture as a consequence of more intense soil surface compaction. Native and secondary forests were the only treatments that showed granular structures in the A horizon. Significant differences between native forest and secondary forest were mainly found in the top soil layer for total porosity (STP) (NF>SF), macroporosity (SMa) (NF>SF), SBD (NF>SF) and GMD (SF>NF). Phosphorus contents in the A horizon increased from 6.2 to 21.5 mg kg-1 in PA and to 27.2 mg kg-1 in SF. Soil under coffee cultivation exhibited the lowest levels of Ca2+ and sum of bases in surface horizons. In all slash-and-burn areas there was a reduction in the C stock (Mg ha-1) of the A horizon: native forest 6.3, secondary forest 4.5, pasture 3.3, and coffee 3.1.