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Item Aggregate stability by the "high energy moisture characteristic" method in an oxisol under differentiated management(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2014-10) Silva, Érika Andressa da; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Silva, Bruno Montoani; Carducci, Carla Eloize; Avanzi, Junior Cesar; Serafim, Milson EvaldoStudies testing the High Energy Moisture Characteristic (HEMC) technique in tropical soils are still incipient. By this method, the effects of different management systems can be evaluated. This study investigated the aggregation state of an Oxisol under coffee with Brachiaria between crop rows and surface-applied gypsum rates using HEMC. Soil in an experimental area in the Upper São Francisco region, Minas Gerais, was studied at depths of 0.05 and 0.20 m in coffee rows. The treatments consisted of 0, 7, and 28 Mg ha-1 of agricultural gypsum rates distributed on the soil surface of the coffee rows, between which Brachiaria was grown and periodically cut, and compared with a treatment without Brachiaria between coffee rows and no gypsum application. To determine the aggregation state using the HEMC method, soil aggregates were placed in a Büchner funnel (500 mL) and wetted using a peristaltic pump with a volumetric syringe. The wetting was applied increasingly at two pre-set speeds: slow (2 mm h-1) and fast (100 mm h-1). Once saturated, the aggregates were exposed to a gradually increasing tension by the displacement of a water column (varying from 0 to 30 cm) to obtain the moisture retention curve [M = f (Ψ) ], underlying the calculation of the stability parameters: modal suction, volume of drainable pores (VDP), stability index (slow and fast), VDP ratio, and stability ratio. The HEMC method conferred sensitivity in quantifying the aggregate stability parameters, and independent of whether gypsum was used, the soil managed with Brachiaria between the coffee rows, with regular cuts discharged in the crop row direction, exhibited a decreased susceptibility to disaggregation.Item Soil moisture space-time analysis to support improved crop management(Editora UFLA, 2015) Silva, Bruno Montoani; Santos, Walbert Junior Reis dos; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Lima, José Maria de; Curi, Nilton; Marques, João JoséThe knowledge of the water content in the soil profile is essential for an efficient management of crop growth and development. This work aimed to use geostatistical techniques in a spatio-temporal study of soil moisture in an Oxisol in order to provide that information for improved crop management. Data were collected in a coffee crop area at São Roque de Minas, in the upper São Francisco River basin, MG state, Brazil. The soil moisture was measured with a multi-sensor capacitance (MCP) probe at 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 60- and 100-cm depths between March and December, 2010. After adjusting the spherical semivariogram model using ordinary least squares, best model, the values were interpolated by kriging in order to have a continuous surface relating depth x time (CSDT) and the soil water availability to plant (SWAP). The results allowed additional insight on the dynamics of soil water and its availability to plant, and pointed to the effects of climate on the soil water content. These results also allowed identifying when and where there was greater water consumption by the plants, and the soil layers where water was available and potentially explored by the plant root system.Item Increasing doses of agricultural gypsum, aggregate stability and organic carbon in Cerrado Latosol under Coffee crop(Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), 2013) Silva, Erika Andressa da; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Carducci, Carla Eloize; Silva, Bruno Montoani; Oliveira, Larissa Maia de; Costa, Joyce CristinaThe management of perennial crops could encourage the improvement of the soil, making it more productive, provided that appropriate agronomic practices are adopted. In order to evaluate the structure of a Cerrado Latosol subjected to soil management that adopts the use of high doses of gypsum and brachiaria on the coffee plants interrow, we studied the stability of aggregates and total soil organic carbon after two years of deployment of coffee. Soil samples were collected at 5 and 15 cm of depth in the crop coffee row located in the Alto São Francisco region, Minas Gerais states. The treatments were: G-0, no gypsum on the row, G-7, 7.0 Mg ha–1 of gypsum distributed in the coffee row, G-28, 28 Mg ha–1 of gypsum distributed in the coffee row, G-56, 56 Mg ha–1 of gypsum distributed in the row, CV-0, conventional management without gypsum CV-0 conventional tillage without gypsum in the row and grasses between row Brachiaria sp. between rows of coffee plants. Chemical analyzes were performed to determine the cations K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, P, and Al+3, total organic carbon and physical analysis of soil aggregate stability. It was determined the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of aggregates retained on sieves with diameters ranging from 4 to 0.105 mm. All treatments were found more than 90% of aggregates with a diameter >2 mm suggesting that the management adopted a positive influence soil aggregate stability. The total organic carbon were positive and significantly correlated with aggregation. The dose of gypsum 7 t ha–1 positively altered the aggregation of soil specially in the superficial layer (15 cm).Item Qualidade física e intervalo hídrico ótimo em latossolo e cambissolo, cultivados com cafeeiro, sob manejo conservacionista do solo(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2013-05) Serafim, Milson Evaldo; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Vitorino, Antonio Carlos Tadeu; Silva, Bruno Montoani; Carducci, Carla EloizeCafeicultores da região fisiográfica do Alto São Francisco, MG, Brasil, vêm adotando novo sistema de cultivo, considerado conservacionista do solo, cujos efeitos na qualidade física do solo precisam ser avaliados. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a qualidade física de um Latossolo e um Cambissolo, localizados em áreas contíguas, sob cultivo comercial de café. A área localizada no topo da paisagem é recoberta por Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico latossólico; a outra, no terço médio, é recoberta por Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. Em cada área foram amostradas as profundidades de 0-0,05 e 0,75-0,80 m, nas posições linha e entrelinha do cafeeiro, totalizando quatro situações em cada solo. Para cada situação, foram coletadas 21 amostras com estrutura preservada destinadas à determinação do intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO), que foram distribuídas em sete potenciais matriciais, com três repetições. Em todas as situações, o sistema de manejo conservacionista assegurou boa qualidade física, principalmente na linha da cultura, para as duas classes de solos estudadas, pois o IHO teve como limite superior e inferior a capacidade de campo e o ponto de murcha permanente, respectivamente. A boa qualidade física foi confirmada pelos valores de macro e microporosidade, volume total de poros, densidade do solo e resistência do solo à penetração e produtividades acima da média do Estado de Minas Gerais.Item Acurácia e calibração de sonda de capacitância em Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com cafeeiro(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2012-02) Silva, Bruno Montoani; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Serafim, Milson Evaldo; Silva Júnior, João José da; Colombo, Alberto; Lima, José Maria deO objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a acurácia da sonda de multisensores de capacitância "Delta‐T Profile probe PR2/6", na avaliação do conteúdo de água do solo com uso de calibrações padrão do fabricante, realizar a calibração para condições específicas de locais e profundidades de amostragem do solo e obter coeficientes de calibração para medições acuradas em tempo real. Em janeiro de 2010, foram coletadas amostras de solo com estrutura preservada a diferentes profundidades, nas linhas de plantio do cafeeiro e nas entrelinhas. As análises foram realizadas em laboratório, com o sensor ML2x Theta probe. Após a obtenção das leituras do sensor, o teor de água foi determinado por meio do método gravimétrico. Foram utilizadas amostras de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico muito argiloso. As calibrações padrão do fabricante (mineral e orgânica) não não se mostraram adequadas para emprego nas condições de manejo (locais e profundidades de amostragem) avaliadas. Na impossibilidade de averiguar a acurácia obtida pelo método recomendado pelo fabricante, o uso de ajustes de regressão linear ou da ferramenta Solver mostrou-se útil no processo de calibração. São necessárias apenas duas equações de calibração para avaliação do teor de água das situações contrastantes de manejo.Item Water retention and S index of an oxisol subjected to weed control methods in a coffee crop(Editora UFLA, 2014-09) Siqueira, Raphael Henrique da Silva; Ferreira, Mozart Martins; Alcântara, Elifas Nunes de; Silva, Bruno Montoani; Silva, Raphael ComanducciWeed control in different crops affects the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil and consequently its structural quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using water retention characteristics and the S index, the physical quality of an Oxisol (Red-Yellow Latosol), subjected to weed control during the cultivation of coffee. The following weed control methods were evaluated: harrowing, brushcutting, residue crushing, manual weeding, post-emergence herbicide application, pre- emergence herbicide application, and maintenance of soil cover with peanut forage, Brachiaria grass, and spontaneous vegetation (no weed treatment). The following properties were determined for physical characterization of the soil: bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, water retention, and the S index. The weed control method significantly affected the physical properties and water retention in the subsurface layer of the Oxisol. Soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and microporosity were significantly correlated with the S index. According to the S index, the physical quality of the soil was classified as very good for the various weed control methods investigated.