Coffee Science
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Inhibition of respiration by light in Coffea arabica(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-12-29) Oliveira, Indira Pereira de; Barbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino; Saleska, Scott; Pennacchi, João Paulo; Prohaska, NeillDescribing gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere is essential to improve current estimates of fluxes and carbon stocks. Light is directly related to gas exchange; when plants are under low light intensities, there is an increase in photosynthetic quantum yield and, consequently, in respiratory rate. That means there is an apparent inhibition of respiration under high light intensity, a phenomenon known as the Kok effect. Considering the effect of light and leaf age, the aim of this study was to describe the physiological responses of daytime gas exchange related to leaves of different ages in Coffea arabica L. cv. Catuaí Vermelho, seeking to identify leaf respiration inhibition by light. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Leaves were measured using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA; LI- 6400XT, LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) and the fluxes were measured to create a light response curve in “in situ”, thus obtaining photosynthetic parameters, used to estimate light and dark respiration, also the rate of inhibition of leaf respiration by light throughout the leaf age. The assimilation (A_sat) and quantum efficiency did not differ among young, mature, and old leaves, showing that photosynthetic process was not affected by leaf age; however, light and dark respiration were higher in young and mature leaves than in old leaves. Inhibition of respiration by light was similar among leaf ages, assuming the occurrence of inhibition of respiration caused by light (the Kok effect).Item Caffeine and chlorogenic acid content of Coffea canephora cultivars in different environments(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-11-19) Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Alves, Enrique Anastacio; Tadeu, Hugo Cesar; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Bizzo, Humberto Ribeiro; Antoniassi, Rosemar; Pacheco, Sidney; Santiago, Manuela Cristina Pessanha de AraujoCoffee plants of the Coffea canephora species are currently grown in tropical regions throughout the world, and both greater yield efficiency and greater beverage quality are important considerations. The aim of this study is to characterize the content of caffeine and of chlorogenic acids of C. canephora cultivars in different environments. According to the maturation cycle of each clone, samples of cherry coffee were collected from ten cultivars evaluated in the environments of Porto Velho, RO, Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO and Manaus, AM. These environments with contrasting characteristics represent most of the coffee fields established in the Am and Aw climate types in Latossolos Vermelhos and Latossolos Amarelos, typical of the Western Amazon. The results were analyzed considering the factorial design to quantify the effects of genotypes, of environments, and of the genotype × environment interaction (GE) on the caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents. Regardless the significant GE effects, the caffeine and chlorogenic acid content exhibited predominantly genetic control. In comparison to the caffeine, the chlorogenic acid content was more affected by the environment effects, displaying more variations in the genotypes performance across the environments. The significant positive association between the caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents favors the selection of plants that simultaneously have greater or lower contents of both traits. The selection of clone BRS3210 resulted in a selection gain of 14.99% in caffeine content, while the cultivation of the clone BRS3193 yielded a selection gain of 10.81% in chlorogenic acid content. The selection of clone BRS2299 resulted in a reduction of 21.85% in caffeine content and of 9.15% in chlorogenic acid content.Item Phosphorus fixation and its relationship with soils chemical properties of the coffee zone of Huila, Colombia(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-11-01) Poveda, Vanessa Catalina Díaz; Sadeghian, SiavoshAdsorption is one of the critical processes in phosphorus (P) availability in plants. In the coffee crop (Coffea arabica), the highest dose of P is supplied in the vegetative phase, so its management is fundamental to guarantee the optimum growth of plants. The aim of this work was to determine the P fixation capacity and its relationship with the soil chemical properties of the Huila coffee zone, Colombian department, with the largest area planted with coffee. The adsorption isotherms were obtained by equilibrating the soil with 30mL of KH2PO4 solution dissolved in a 0.01M CaCl2.2H2O, containing concentrations of P between 50 and 4.200 mg kg-1. The P adsorption was measured for 60 soil samples collected from the five main cartographic units of the department: Campoalegre, El Recreo, La Cristalina, Saladoblanco, and San Simón. The data fitted to the linear and nonlinear Langmuir model forms. It was found that the soils of the region have a variable P fixation capacity, with values of q (adsorption at 0.2 mg L-1 in solution) between 8 and 1330 mg kg-1 and b (maximum adsorption capacity) from 117 to 3916 mg kg-1, without finding an association with the evaluated soil units. A correlation of q and b was found between Al3+, Al3+ saturation, pH, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and base saturation.Item Productivity and physical quality of grains from Coffea arabica L. in a tropical high-altitude climate in Brazil(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-11-19) Martins, Adriana Novais; Turco, Patricia Helena Nogueira; Araújo, Humberto Sampaio de; Firetti, RicardoThe coffee plant is extremely important for Brazilian agribusiness as it generates foreign exchange earnings and employment throughout the production chain. In this study, we evaluated the production and parameters related to the quality of 18 Coffea arabica L. cultivars grafted onto the Apoatã IAC 2258 cultivar, in seven consecutive harvests. The experiment was installed in 2014 and carried out for seven harvests, in Fazenda Recreio in the municipality of Vera Cruz, state of São Paulo, Brazil. We used a randomised block design (DBC), with three experimental replications, which were conducted in 54 plots. We analysed productivity, yield, and grain size parameters. The data were evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the mean values were used to conduct the Scott-Knott and Tukey test. The results showed that in all the cycles, the characteristics evaluated showed significant differences among the cultivars. The ratio between the residual mean squares of the analysis of variance was less than 7:1 for all the characteristics evaluated, which allowed us to compare the seven harvests with each other. The cultivars IPR 100, Obatã IAC 1669–20, IPR 107 and IAC 125 RN performed the best, as determined by the parameters evaluated, and thus, we recommend these cultivars for growing coffee tropical high-altitude climate in Brazil.Item Reduction of frost damage to coffee trees under agroforestry systems(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-10-03) Santoro, Patricia Helena; Morais, Heverly; Kitzberger, Cintia Sorane GoodFrosts affect coffee production in Brazil, with effects on commodity prices around the world. Agroforestry systems are strategies to reduce the effects of frost on coffee trees. To date, this study has evaluated the largest number of tree species in coffee tree AFSs in Brazil in the same experiment. The objective was to identify tree species that can protect coffee trees against frost damage in agroforestry systems. The study was conducted in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Each treatment consisted of coffee trees associated with one of the following tree species: Moringa oleifera, Croton floribundus, Trema micrantha, Gliricidia sepium, Senna macranthera, Heliocarpus popayanensis, and Mimosa scabrella, as well as a control of coffee trees in monoculture. The experimental area was affected by frost that damaged the coffee plants fifteen months after planting. Immediately thereafter, the dendrometric characteristics of the trees were evaluated. After 30 days, the defoliation and mortality of the trees were evaluated. The phytometric characteristics of the coffee trees were evaluated 12 months after the frosts. Six of the seven tree species were evaluated for the first time for their ability to protect coffee trees against frost. Even at an early stage of development, T. micrantha and H. popayanensis provided increased protection of coffee trees, reducing the defoliation and mortality of coffee trees. The main protective factor was the canopy area of these species, which provided a high rate of tree cover. The development of coffee trees after frosts was favoured by the shading of the species, with the exception of M. scabrella. The AFSs with T. micrantha and H. popayanensis constitute an alternative that allows the mitigation of frost damage to coffee plants in regions prone to this climatic stress, reducing defoliation and mortality.Item Coffee plant diseases affected by nutritional balance(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-05-02) Pozza, Edson Ampélio; Pozza, Adélia Aziz AlexandreIn recent years, sustainability has become a priority in agricultural production programs throughout Brazilian territory due to the need to ensure food security and environmental quality. Diseases continue to be a factor limiting sustainable agricultural production, due to the great need for chemical defenses for their control. Thus, it is indispensable to make use of alternative management techniques to reduce the use of such chemical defenses and to increase resistance of plants to diseases. It is known that mineral nutrients affect plant resistance to diseases, and effective physical and biochemical response of plants to pathogens is determined by adequate concentrations of mineral elements in the plant tissues. This review presents the most recent information related to the mode of action of the nutrients in the host-pathogen interaction and individual action in the control of plant diseases with the use of essential nutrients, as well as other elements considered beneficial, such as Si. It also reports on the use of some of these mineral nutrients in control of the main diseases of the coffee plant that occur in Brazil, especially rust, cercosporiosis or brown eye spot, phoma leaf spot, and bacterial blight. In addition, contradictory and satisfactory results are found in the literature on the use of mineral nutrients in control of different diseases, including coffee diseases.Item Mapping of coffee land zoning based on sensory attributes of wine coffee(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-01-20) Chairuddin, Zulkarnain; Laban, Sartika; Iksan, Muh.; Khaerunnisa, Khaerunnisa; Suhardjo, Suhardjo; Hock, Tan KhimThe primary aimed of this study is to carry out land zoning of Arabica coffee area based on the characteristics of organoleptic sensory attributes with the optimal taste of coffee wine at different levels of altitudes. The study was conducted on the hillsides of Mount Bawakaraeng Lompobattang, South Sulawesi Province which has Arabica coffee plants at different altitudes, namely, 1000-1200 m.asl (A), 1200-1400 m.asl (B), 1400-1600 m.asl (C), and 1600-1800 m.asl (D). Quality tests of coffee beans and organoleptic sensory attribute taste tests were carried out including fragrance or aroma, flavor, aftertaste, acidity, body, uniformity, balance, clean cup, sweetness, overall, and taint or defect. The results of the study showed that the coffee beans were classified as quality 1 with large bean size; while the characteristics of uniformity, clean cup, and sweetness are the basic or essential characteristics of the coffee beans tested in this study because they showed the highest score of 10 and this score is consistent for all levels of altitudes. The results of compiling organoleptic sensory attribute data and satellite imagery analysis were used for mapping potential coffee fields with Specialty Grade, covering area of 20,025.54 ha or equal to 2.00% of the research area of 1,011,693 ha. In addition, coffee land zones can also be mapped with the level of coffee wine taste based on the distribution pattern of dominant organoleptic sensory attributes at different altitude. The order of the optimal level of coffee wine taste can be written as the land zoning, as follows: D > B > C > A. The land zoning D covers an area of 3,351.60 ha; B 5,738.53 ha; C 4,381.27 ha; and A 3,552.10 ha. Overall, it can be concluded that the taste of wine coffee tends to be better or optimal as the level of altitude increases.Item Water, energy and carbon dynamics over an intercropped sun-grown coffee and corn system(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-29) López, Juan Carlos García; Herrera, Ninibeth Gibelli Sarmiento; Carabalí, Carolina Ramírez; Bohórquez, Juan Pablo Carvajal; Bejarano, Natalia Catalina Flechas; Chaurra, Daniel Antonio FrancoThe energy dissipation and the evapotranspiration processes, are factors involved in the ecosystem net carbon exchange and are determinants in the ability of a self-regulating system to balance high carbon emissions. To discover these relationships, a corn production system intercropped with coffee was monitored during the first 19 months after the system establishment, to determine the flux of energy, water, gases, and carbon by implementing the eddy covariance technique. From the net carbon exchange ecosystem balance, during the first cycle of corn intercropped with coffee, 63 g C m-2 was fixed. For the next phase of coffee culture, maintaining the corn stalks and coffee branches, 5.4 g C m-2 was emitted. In the second cycle with intercropped corn, the fixation was 291 g of C m-2; and in the last period of the first reproductive stage of the coffee trees, 172 g C m-2 was fixed. Throughout the analysis period, the system behaved as a carbon sink with a potential fixation between 4.7 and 5.6 ton C ha-1. The energy, measured as net radiation, was estimated at 274.53 ± 5.2 W m-2 day-1, and it was dissipated mainly as sensible heat (26.5% - 53.6%), latent heat (45.7% - 71, 9%) and soil heat (0.5% - 1.6%). The crop coefficient (Kc) in the coffee vegetative stage in the monoculture, fluctuated between 0.79 ± 0.05 and 0.99 ± 0.04. For the intercropping system with corn, the Kc was calculated at 0.84 ± 0.05, 1.05 ± 0.06, 1.60 ± 0.09, and 1.22 ± 0.05 for the vegetative, pre-flowering, maximum foliar development and harvest maturity stages of corn, respectively.Item Agronomic, anatomic and physiological characterization of Coffea arabica L. genotypes on irrigated system in the Central Cerrado(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-29) Santos, Cyntia Stephânia dos; Matos, Nagla Maria Sampaio de; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Mauri, Janaína; Rodrigues, Gustavo Costa; Veiga, Adriano Delly; Bartholo, Gabriel Ferreira; Carvalho, Milene Alves de FigueiredoDue to climatic conditions and the possibility of using machineries, coffee has a potential to achieve high yields with reduced costs, in the biome of Cerrado. Leaf anatomy and physiology can help in the identification of more adapted cultivars to a given environmental condition. The objective is to verify the behavior of Coffea arabica L. genotypes in the Cerrado of the Brazilian Central Plateau through anatomical and physiological characterization and yield. Ten coffee genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank located in the municipality of Planaltina, Distrito Federal, were evaluated. The genotypes evaluated were: Araponga MG1, Catiguá MG2, Catiguá MG3 P23, Catiguá MG3 P7, Catiguá MG3 P51, Catiguá MG3 P, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, Paraíso MG1 and Topázio MG 1190. The phenotypic characteristics evaluated were the thickness of: adaxial cuticle surface, adaxial and abaxial epidermis surfaces, the palisade and spongy parenchyma, the mesophyll layer, the phloem, number and diameter of the xylem vessels, stomatal density, relationship between the polar and equatorial diameter of the stoma, specific leaf area, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, intercellular carbon concentration and yield. Genotypes of Coffea arabica L. presented a distinction between the characteristics evaluated when grown under climatic conditions of the Brazilian Central Plateau Cerrado, highlighting the variations in the behavior and distinguished adaptation in this environment. The Araponga MG1 genotype stood out for anatomical and physiological characteristics of higher values, such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon concentration, abaxial and adaxial epidermis thickness, stomatal density and number of xylem vessels. The genotype Paraíso MG1 stands out for higher grain productivity. The genotype Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15 stands out for anatomical and physiological characteristics such as higher stomatal density, greater number of xylem vessels and greater efficiency in water use, resulting in improved productivity.Item Looking for adjustments to severe drought in coffee: lessons of a rainfall exclusion plot in the Southern Brazil(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-29) Silva, Debora Valim da; Naves, Vicente Luiz; Toro-Herrera, Mayra Alejandra; Vieira, Daniel Amorim; Mendonça, Ane Marcela das Chagas; Rambal, Serge; Barbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves DelfinoRainfall exclusion experiments allow us assessing the effects of environmental stresses such as long-term water limitations on both leaf and canopy structural traits. This work aimed to evaluate how leaf anatomical traits and canopy development of productive coffee trees change when submitted to more dry conditions in the southern region of Minas Gerais - Brazil. The experimental plots have been set up in a plantation area in which is growing Coffea arabica L. cv. Mundo Novo- IAC 379-19, in a completely randomized arrangement, composed by three treatments: Control (C) - no gutter system; Control plus roof (Ĉ) and Exclusion system (E). Leaf anatomical and canopy traits were determined within a year at the end of each season: late Spring- 2015 (Sp), and late Summer (Su), late Autumn (Au) and late Winter (Wi) - 2016. During the studied period the rainfall exclusion condition led to a reduction in the relative water content (RWC) of leaves. In the leaf-level, as the dry condition increase, the leaves invested in thicker cuticles, reduced xylem and phloem areas and smaller stomata, especially with the rainfall exclusion. In the canopy-level, there was a remarkable reduction in leaf area index (LAI) especially in the winter as a strategy of reduction of transpiratory area, when the availability of water decreased around 25%. In a context of reduced water availability due to effects of climate change, coffee trees may be able to present modifications at both levels, to cope with the effects of this abiotic stress.