Coffee Science
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Item Caffeine and chlorogenic acid content of Coffea canephora cultivars in different environments(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-11-19) Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Alves, Enrique Anastacio; Tadeu, Hugo Cesar; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Bizzo, Humberto Ribeiro; Antoniassi, Rosemar; Pacheco, Sidney; Santiago, Manuela Cristina Pessanha de AraujoCoffee plants of the Coffea canephora species are currently grown in tropical regions throughout the world, and both greater yield efficiency and greater beverage quality are important considerations. The aim of this study is to characterize the content of caffeine and of chlorogenic acids of C. canephora cultivars in different environments. According to the maturation cycle of each clone, samples of cherry coffee were collected from ten cultivars evaluated in the environments of Porto Velho, RO, Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO and Manaus, AM. These environments with contrasting characteristics represent most of the coffee fields established in the Am and Aw climate types in Latossolos Vermelhos and Latossolos Amarelos, typical of the Western Amazon. The results were analyzed considering the factorial design to quantify the effects of genotypes, of environments, and of the genotype × environment interaction (GE) on the caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents. Regardless the significant GE effects, the caffeine and chlorogenic acid content exhibited predominantly genetic control. In comparison to the caffeine, the chlorogenic acid content was more affected by the environment effects, displaying more variations in the genotypes performance across the environments. The significant positive association between the caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents favors the selection of plants that simultaneously have greater or lower contents of both traits. The selection of clone BRS3210 resulted in a selection gain of 14.99% in caffeine content, while the cultivation of the clone BRS3193 yielded a selection gain of 10.81% in chlorogenic acid content. The selection of clone BRS2299 resulted in a reduction of 21.85% in caffeine content and of 9.15% in chlorogenic acid content.Item Evaluation of a prototype of soil thermal solarizer for control of gall nematode in the production of coffee seedlings(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-02-23) Uchôa, Francisco Paiva; Vieira Junior, José Roberto; Fernandes, Cléberson de Freitas; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Espíndula, Marcelo Curitiba; Rudnick, Vaneide Araújo de Sousa; Silva, Dvany Mamedes da; Freire, Tamiris Chaves; Sangi, Simone Carvalho; Mariobo, Solange Aparecida RodriguesIn coffee crops at Rondônia State of Brazil, there is an increase in phytonematode epidemics.Since most local coffe nurseries at Rondônia use soil as substrate for seedling production, this work aimed to test the minimum exposure time at 60 ºC to control of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita in soil by means of solar heating, using a solarizer, in an adapted version for better heating perfomance. The used solarizer prototype was built of a wooden box covered with metal sheets, thermal blankets, painted black, with aluminum pipes of 0.5 cm in diameter at the bottom of the box that circulates the water heated by the collector box. The soil was inoculated with a suspension of 1000 eggs + J2 of M. incognita per liter and placed in equipment with a capacity of 150 liters. Exposure times at a minimum temperature of 60 °C were evaluated, with 14 treatments: C1 (non-inoculated and not autoclaved), C2 (inoculated), C3 (non-inoculated and autoclaved) T0’, T15’, T30’, T45’, T60’, T180’, T360’, T720’, T1440’, T2880’ and T4320’ . The temperature was measured every 15 minutes using a skewer-type digital thermometer. The soil was removed according to the exposure time, and placed in 8-liter pots, in which clone 125 and BRS 2357 coffee seedlings, susceptible to M. incognita , were transplanted and growing in a greenhouse for 180 days. The experimental design used was DIC, with 6 replications, each seedling as na experimental unit. Reproduction factor (FR), number of eggs per plant (NOGR) and number of galls per gram of root (NGGR) were evaluated. The FR, NOGR and NGGR variables reduced with exposure time. All treatments showed an effect to control the population of M. incognita in infected soils, with 100% efficacy of pathogen eradication from the T45’ treatment, 60 minutes of exposure is recommended for the production of Coffea canephora seedlings. Taken together, thir work showed the high potential of thr solorizer to contribute in the root-knot nematode control to seedling production.Item Resistance of Coffea canephora as a sustainable tool for Meloidogyne incognita control(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-29) Silva, Dvany Mamedes da; Vieira Júnior, José Roberto; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Rudnick, Vaneide Araújo de Sousa; Fernandes, Cléberson de Freitas; Uchôa, Francisco Paiva; Bastos, Jéssica Silva Felix; Freire, Tamiris Chaves; Sangi, Simone Carvalho; Fonseca, Aline Souza daMany factors can affect coffee production, such as the root-knot nematode, a soil pathogen that can kill plants up to two years old. In infested areas, the cultivation of resistant genotypes is an economical and ecologically appropriate alternative. The present study aims to evaluate the resistance of Coffea canephora clones to Meloidogyne incognita. Evaluations were carried out in a greenhouse at Embrapa Rondônia (Porto Velho -RO) between September 2019 and November 2020. Genotypes were inoculated with M. incognita in four experiments with six replications with a completely randomized design. Root dry weight (RDW), the number of galls (NG) and the reproduction factor (RF) were evaluated. Eighty-six coffee clones were evaluated, with 50 clones showing resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and 36 clones showing susceptibility. Clones classified as resistant had an average reproduction factor of 0.33 with a range of 0.00 to 0.95, while clones classified as susceptible had an average reproduction factor of 3.48 with an amplitude ranging from 1.02 to 14.46. The number of galls was also higher in susceptible clones than in resistant clones. Considering the ten most cultivated clones, the genotypes GJ8, GJ25, P50, SK80, AS2, P42 and LB10 were classified as resistant, and the genotypes GJ3, GJ5 and SK41 were classified as susceptible. Taken together, the results identify resistant C. canephora clones as an important and sustainable tool for controlling M. incógnita.Item Factor analysis for plant and production variables in Coffea canephorain the Western Amazon(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Silva, Gabi Nunes; Barroso, Laís Mayara Azevedo; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Ferreira, Fábio MedeirosThe evaluation of morphological characters related to the hulled coffee yield subsidizes the selection of Coffea canephora plants that combine a set of favorable traits. However, the greater the number of traits considered, the more difficult the selection process becomes. In this context, multivariate analyzes can be useful to overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to identify, in a set of agronomic traits of Coffea canephora, the determining factors of biological phenomena and use these factors to recognize patterns of diversity and similarity from biological complexes of interest to the breeder. To this, eleven morphological descriptors were evaluated of 130 clones of the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta and intervarietal hybrids over two crop years in the experimental field of Embrapa, in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, state of Rondônia (RO). To group the traits, the multivariate technique of Factor Analysis was used. The effect of genotype x year interaction was significant for the eleven traits analyzed. Based on the scree plot, three factors were established. Factors were interpreted as architecture, vigor and grains with a satisfactory percentage of explained variability. The inter-pretation of the factors highlighted the importance of the Conilon variety to improve the architecture of the Robusta botanical variety. These results show that it is possible to use factor scores to identify varieties and traits that favor higher production of hulled coffee.Item Environmental stratification and performance of Coffea canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon(Editora UFLA, 2021) Moraes, Marcos Santana; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Ferreira, Fábio Medeiros; Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro LaraChange in the performance of clones grown in different environments is an important question for Coffea canephora breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental stratification and the performance of C. canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon. For that purpose, the mean yield of three crop seasons was considered to evaluate the performance of 20 genotypes grown in 6 clonal competition trials in the environments of: E1: Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, E2: Porto Velho-RO, E3: Ariquemes-RO, E4 and E5: Rio Branco-AC and E6: Alta Floresta do Oeste-RO. The trials were conducted with a plant spacing of 3 m × 1.5 m in a complete block experimental design, with three replications of eight plants per plot. Combined analysis indicated significance of the genotype × environment (G×E) interaction and favorable conditions to obtain gains from selection. Reduction in the dimensionality estimated from climate and soil characteristics indicated that the environments of Porto Velho-RO, Rio Branco-AC and Ariquemes-RO are more similar to each other than the environments of Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO and Alta Floresta-RO of greater natural soil fertility and higher altitude. The AMMI1 biplot shows that genotypes 16, 10, and 13 had the highest mean yields, together with greater stability. In the AMMI2 scatterplot (IPCA1×IPCA2), the environ ments E4 and E5 were clustered in the same sector. Clustering based on the complex fraction of the G×E interaction coincided with the AMMI2 scatterplot that clustered the E4 and E5 environments in a single mega-environment. Except for these environments, all the others clustered as locations of different biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This result shows the importance of maintaining evaluations in these environments, which represent the conditions of the coffee fields in the region.Item Resistance of new Coffea canephora clones to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in the western amazon(Editora UFLA, 2020) Rudnick, Vaneide Araújo de Sousa; Vieira Junior, José Roberto; Fernandes, Cleberson de Freitas; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ramalho, André Rostand; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Santos, Anderson Vieira; Anjos, Elize Francisca Mendes dos; Uchôa, Francisco PaivaRoot-knot disease is among the main diseases affecting coffee crop. The plant selection to the development new resistant cultivars is among one the most efficient methods of control. The present work aimed to quantify the resistance responses of Coffea canephora clones to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in the Western Amazon. For this, 17 previously selected clones were evaluated in three experimental trials, carried out in the municipalities of Ji-Paraná and Porto Velho, Rondônia. The resistance to root-knot nematodes M. incognita were evaluated by the numbers of gall in the roots (NG) and by the reproductive factor (RF). The resistance response was also interpreted according the genetic diversity of the clones based in their morphological traits. The clones BRS3210, C12, BRS2314, BRS3137 and BRS1216 are resistant to M. incognita with RF of 0.34, 0.62, 0.79, 0.86 and 0.98, respectively. BRS3213, C125, C15, BRS2336, BRS3220 and C09 clones were classified as susceptible, with RF of 1.93, 1.95, 2.00, 2.31, 2.32 and 2.35. The BRS3193, C160 and BRS2357 clones were classified as very susceptible, with RF values of 3.03, 4.41 and 5.82, respectively. The clustering based on the genetic diversity of morphological traits indicated that genotypes more similar to the Robusta botanic variety had lower RF. The hybrid plants showed intermediate degrees of resistance indicating the segregation for the character of the M. incognita resistance. The clones BRS3210, C12, BRS2299, BRS2314, BRS3137 and BRS1216 expressed resistance responses to M. incognita with potential for growing resistant genotypes in the Western Amazon.Item Beverage quality of most cultivated Coffea canephora clones in the Western Amazon(Editora UFLA, 2020) Dalazen, Janderson Rodrigues; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Pereira, Lucas Louzada; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Souza, Carolina Augusto deMost of the Western Amazon coffee production is made from growing unregistered clones, selected by the coffee growers themselves. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sensory profile and genetic diversity of the most cultivated Coffea canephora clones in the Western Amazon. Coffee samples at cherry stage of the clones 03, 05, 08, 25 and 66 were collected at eight municipalities in the main coffee growing zones, with altitudes ranging from 86 to 381 meters. Beverage quality was evaluated according to the Robusta Cupping Protocols and estimates of the genotype × environment interaction (GE) were made interpreting non-parametric and multivariate methods. The GE interaction was significant and the genetic component was also important to the expression of beverage quality (h2=82,23). The clones 25 and 05 have good attributes and mean score near 80 points. Sweetness was the sensory descriptor with the greatest impact on beverage quality of these two clones. Harshness was the descriptor that had the greatest negative impact on beverage quality of clone 66. The clones had complexities that differed and that were not necessarily associated with greater beverage quality. Despite the differences in their beverage attributes, these clones that are grown for their high productivity presented low genetic diversity of the beverage quality.