Coffee Science_v.18, 2023
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Item Instant coffee: Products and packaging systems characteristics(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-12-15) Souza, Raquel Massulo; Moreira, Christiane Quartaroli; Alves, Rosa Maria VercelinoThe moisture gain cause instant coffee quality loss. In Brazil, these products are marketed in glass jars, with seals and screw caps, metal cans with easy-open lid and LDPE (low density polyethylene) over cap and flexible plastic packaging of multilayer film: PET (polyethylene terephthalate)/Al (aluminum) foil/LDPE. The aim of this study was to evaluate three types of instant coffees (freeze-dried, spray-dried agglomerated and powder) and their packages regarding to water activity, initial moisture, thermal analysis and moisture sorption isotherm, as well as some characteristics of the packaging systems - gas composition of the headspace, oxygen and water vapor transmission rate. All instant coffees evaluated presented similar characteristics of quality standard described in international literature. Products showed quality loss appearance with 10%-12% (d.b.) moisture content. Packaging systems presented oxygen transmission rate values greater than 1.000mL (STP)m-2.day-1 and water vapor transmission rate values less than 0.017g of water.package-1.day-1 (25°C/75%RH) and 0.048g of water.package-1.day-1 (38°C/90%RH).Item Roasted coffee beans characterization through optoelectronic color sensing(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-12-19) Vanegas-Ayala, Sebastian-Camilo; Leal-Lara, Daniel-David; Barón-Velandia, JulioThe degree of roasting of the coffee determines the physical properties of the bean which are directly represented in the quality of the coffee, to classify the coffee bean efficiently represents a challenge that has been addressed from different technological approaches with colorimeters. This research aims to simplify the identification of the roast level of ground coffee on the Agtron scale by characterizing the degree of roast using an optoelectronic color sensor and establishing a correlation between the Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) scales. This allows for the assurance of quality levels of the beans right from the roasting process. This research comprehends the collection and preparation of samples, the definition of RGB and CIE L*a*b* values, and their interpretation in the Agtron scale using the red component of the RGB scale. The results showed an efficient and accurate estimation for the roast degree of ground coffee beans (0.1371 MSE) that uses minimum processing requirements and a function to assess the intermediate values in the Agtron scale. The characterization of the roast degree of ground coffee beans using data collected from an optoelectronic color sensor through a high-precision function with a linear structure enables the description of intermediate values not fully represented on the Agtron scale. This enhances the process of identifying the roast degree, facilitating subsequent quality assurance processes by maintaining the beans at the desired roast level.Item Physical and sensorial quality of yellow caturra coffee after a carbonic maceration process(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-12-15) Hernández-Alcántara, Gloria; Alarcón-Gutiérrez, Enrique; Ronzón-Soto, Samuel; García-Pérez, José AntonioHigh prices for differentiated coffees with unique flavor profiles have spurred research into processing methods to standardize coffee production and improve quality. Fermentation is a biotechnological tool that may enhance the sensory profile of coffee and boost its overall quality. Carbonic maceration, which uses constant pressure CO2, can be used as a technique to differentiate coffees. In this study, the physical and sensorial qualities of Coffea arabica (yellow caturra variety) beans, following carbonic maceration, were assessed. The experiment was carried out during the harvest 2021/22 at La Joya farm. Data were analyzed for both the physical quality of the green coffee beans and the cup quality (sensorial) based on the fermentation process and duration using ANOVA, Friedman and U Mann-Whitney tests, with a significance level of alpha = 0.05. All analyses were conducted using SPSS software version 25. The final score was influenced by both carbonic maceration and the duration of fermentation, with scores for zero-day compositions being lower than those for 5, 10 and 15 days. A significant difference in primary defects, based on the duration of fermentation, was observed. In conclusion, carbonic maceration improved both coffee qualities at day 5 compared to day zero (natural process). However, the physical quality is negatively affected after 10 and 15 days, while the sensory quality increases respectively.Item Instant coffee: Products and packaging systems characteristics(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-12-15) Souza, Raquel Massulo; Moreira, Christiane Quartaroli; Alves, Rosa Maria VercelinoThe moisture gain cause instant coffee quality loss. In Brazil, these products are marketed in glass jars, with seals and screw caps, metal cans with easy-open lid and LDPE (low density polyethylene) over cap and flexible plastic packaging of multilayer film: PET (polyethylene terephthalate)/Al (aluminum) foil/LDPE. The aim of this study was to evaluate three types of instant coffees (freeze-dried, spray-dried agglomerated and powder) and their packages regarding to water activity, initial moisture, thermal analysis and moisture sorption isotherm, as well as some characteristics of the packaging systems - gas composition of the headspace, oxygen and water vapor transmission rate. All instant coffees evaluated presented similar characteristics of quality standard described in international literature. Products showed quality loss appearance with 10%-12% (d.b.) moisture content. Packaging systems presented oxygen transmission rate values greater than 1.000mL (STP)m-2.day-1 and water vapor transmission rate values less than 0.017g of water.package-1.day-1 (25°C/75%RH) and 0.048g of water.package-1.day-1 (38°C/90%RHItem Aroma profiles and cupping characteristics of coffee beans processed by semi carbonic maceration process(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-07-18) Jitjaroen, Wanphen; Kongngoen, Rungtiwa; Panjai, LachineeThe goal is to improve the flavors of Arabica coffee by combining semi-carbonic maceration (SCM) process, with enzymatic process at various lengths and temperature. Five different variations of SCM processes were investigated: pulped natural process (control); at 15 oC for 10 days (SCM-15); at 20 oC for 10 days (SCM-20); with 0.01 g.L-1 pectinases A (polygalacturonase, pectin esterase and pectin lyase) at 20 oC for 5 days (SCM-PA); and with 0.03 g.L-1 pectinases B (polygalacturonase, pectin esterase, pectin lyase and ß-glucanase) at 20 oC for 5 days (SCM-PB). The chemical composition of intact mucilage and green bean coffee were analyzed. The environments created by using SCM fermentation process at 20 oC combined with pectinase A and pectinase B produced green bean coffee with higher content of acidity and reducing sugar. The volatile compounds of roasted coffee were examined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifty-one volatile compounds belonging to 12 chemical classes were identified. The different total peak area, indicates that most volatile compounds, increases during SCM, and SCM process combined with enzymatic method. The Specialty Coffee Association of America; SCAA sensory analysis was performed by trained specialty coffee judges. The final product of coffee beans, which has been treated with SCM process at 15 and 20 oC have obtained the highest score in fragrance, flavor, aftertaste, body, balance and overall impression. While the enzyme treatment has attained the highest scores in acidity. This study demonstrates that the proposed process may be useful for the improvement of the cup quality.Item Differences in chemical characteristics due to different roasting of robusta coffee beans(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-08-23) Ramadhani, Aji Fajar; Nisa, Fithri Choirun; YuniantaRoasting is a process that contributes to the formation of compounds and flavors in coffee beans. Temperature and length of time are the main factors in the roasting process. Generally, the range of temperatures and roasting times varies significantly for different varieties of coffee beans. This study aims to determine the effect of roasting on changes in the chemical characteristics of robusta coffee beans (Coffea canephora) from Sidomulyo Village. This study used different brewing methods to brew roasted robusta coffee beans with the best chemical characteristics used a factorial randomized block design with two factors: roasting temperature, which consisted of three levels (185, 190, and 195 ⁰C), and roasting time, which consisted of three levels (10, 13, and 16 minutes). The roasted coffee beans were analyzed for water content, ash content, caffeine content, total phenol, and pH. The results of this study obtained a water content value of 3.523 ± 0.129% to 1.939 ± 0.025%, ash content of 8.119 ± 0.115% to 4.315 ± 0.260%, a caffeine content of 2.494 ± 0.015% to 2.176 ± 0.021%; total phenol of 6.251 ± 0.101% to 4.334 ± 0.117%; and a pH value of 6.675±0.126 to 4.075±0.171. At this stage, the best treatment (Zeleny method) is produced by robusta coffee beans roasted at 185⁰C for 10 minutes. Robusta coffee beans with the best treatment have a moisture content of 3.523 ± 0.129%; ash content of 4.315 ± 0.260%, the caffeine content of 2.494±0.015%; total phenol of 6.251±0.101%; and a pH value of 4.075±0.171.Item Case study of modeling covariance between external factors and sensory perception of coffee(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-08-18) Resende, Mariana; Borém, Flávio Meira; Cirillo, Marcelo ÂngeloAnalysis and inference of sensory perceptions in coffee beverages are complex due to numerous random causes intrinsic to productivity, preparation, and especially consumer and/or taster subjectivity. In this context, latent variables often composed of a combination of other observed variables are discarded from conventional analyses. Following this argument, this study aimed to propose a model of structural equations applied to a database, geographical indication of coffees in Serra da Mantiqueira, with a methodological contribution characterized by inclusion of a treatment effect, contemplated by different altitudes at which coffees were produced. From the methodology used, a covariance structure was estimated, and used in another statistical methodology to discriminate the effects. It is concluded that the proposed model proved to be advantageous for allowing the analysis of the relationship of latent variables, production and environmental variations, which are not considered in a sensorial analysis, and showed that, in fact, they influence the sensorial perception, for the coffees produced in the Serra da Mantiqueira region. The correlation structure generated from the covariance matrix adjusted by the model resulted in estimates that could be used in other statistical methodologies more appropriate to discriminate the effects, exemplifying the use of principal components.Item Study of variations in the roasting time of gayo arabica coffee in the drying phase(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-06-06) Fadhil, Rahmat; Safrizal, S; Rizal, Khairul; Putra, Bambang Sukarno; Firmansyah, JuliGayo Arabica coffee is a famous specialty coffee in Indonesia and abroad. Proper roasting is needed to produce high-quality coffee, including getting the desired coffee taste. This study contributes to roasting high-quality coffee, especially regarding the appropriate time variation in the drying phase. This study aims to analyze the roasting time of Gayo Arabica coffee in the drying phase based on the cupping score and sensory assessment. Coffee roasting in this study was carried out by modifying the time in the drying phase for 3:00, 4:00, and 5:00 minutes, while in the other phases (maillard and development), it was 4:00 and 3:00 minutes, respectively. The study parameters include roasting charts, roasting profiles, cupping scores by certified panelists (Q graders) and sensory assessments by panelists identified by the TOPSIS method. The TOPSIS is a decision-making method based on various alternatives that are ranked to get the best results with the highest value. The results showed that the best time treatment in the drying phase based on the cupping score was the F2 treatment as rank 1 (score 85.00), treatment F1 as rank 2 (score 83.50), and treatment F3 as rank 3 (score 81.00). Meanwhile, the sensory assessment by the panelists using the TOPSIS method showed the same thing for rank 1, namely the F2 treatment with a value of 0.88. However, it is different for rank 2, namely the F3 treatment with a value of 0.69 and ranks 3 is the F1 treatment with a value of 0.17. It can be concluded that the assessment by certified and identified panelists, who can be considered representative of consumers, show the same conclusion that coffee roasted with the best treatment in the drying phase is 4 minutes (F2).Item Production of Coffea canephora seedlings through cuttings in a nursery and hydroponics using different containers(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-07-19) Lima, Amador Eduardo de; Castro, Elisa de Melo; Cunha, Samuel Henrique Braga da; Guimarães, Rubens José; Chalfun, Nilton Nagib Jorge; Carvalho, Alex Mendonça de; Alves, Eduardo; Carvalho, Milene Alves FigueiredoThe production of seedlings is a determining factor for the establishment and success of the coffee plantation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of Coffea canephora seedlings by cuttings in a modified hydroponic system and in a conventional nursery, using different containers. At the end of the experiment, growth (height, stem diameter, total number of pairs of leaves, leaf area, root area, dry matter weight of leaves, stem and root), physiological (chlorophyll a, b and total and stomatal conductance) and anatomical (stomatal density, functionality and opening) characteristics were analyzed. For statistical analysis, a completely randomized design (CRD) was used, with five treatments and six replications, with ten plants per plot. Seedlings produced in a modified hydroponic system using 50- and 120-cm³ tubettes show better vegetative growth and physiological characteristics compared to those produced in a nursery. Seedling management in a modified hydroponic system using 120-cm³ tubettes provides greater cutting survival percentage, number of remaining leaves and emission of shoots. In nurseries, the use of polyethylene bags provides better seedling quality and survival in relation to the use of tubettes, regardless of volume.Item Physical and sensorial quality of arabica coffee cultivars submitted to two types of post-harvesting processing(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-04-17) Alixandre, Ricardo Dias; Alixandre, Fabiano Tristão; Lima, Paula Aparecida Muniz de; Fornazier, Maurício José; Krohling, Cesar Abel; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do; Guarçoni, Rogério Carvalho; Dias, Rodrigo da Silva; Venturini, Cassio de Faria; Macette, Higor Alixandre; Zandonadi, Cecília Uliana; Viçosi, David BrunelliThe growing demand for better quality coffees has driven changes in the coffee production chain, mainly through the adoption of new technologies and management. Thus, this work was carried out aiming to evaluate the physical and sensorial quality of Arabica coffee cultivars, submitted to natural and pulped post-harvesting processing. The experiment was carried out following a randomized block design with three replications, in a split-plot scheme, with the plots consisting of five cultivars (Catucaí 2 SL, Catucaí 24/137, Catuaí IAC 44, Arara and Acauã); and the subplots by two processes, pulped and natural cherry. The harvest was carried out manually, harvesting the cherry fruits (ripe) in a sieve. The coffees were processed by the natural and pulped cherry methods. Drying was carried out on a covered suspended terrace, until the grains reached 11% ± 1 moisture (wet basis, bu). The following evaluations were carried out: sensorial analysis of the beverage according to the SCAA methodology, analysis of grain sieves according to the Official Brazilian Coffee Classification Protocol. The results show that all evaluated cultivars have a great potential for the production of specialty coffees in that studied environment. Differences were observed between cultivars both in the sensory quality of the beverage and in the grain size. Cultivar Arara presents a general average of final beverage grade higher than the other cultivars.