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Item Large-scale gene expression analysis reveals the role of primary metabolism regulation in resistance to Brazilian Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae in coffee(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2024-12-20) Schenk, Juliana Camargo Martinati; Rodrigues, Lucas Mateus Rivero; Arruda, Natália; Guimarães, Paula de Souza; Diniz, Leandro Cardamone; Rezende, Antonio Mauro; Destéfano, Suzete Aparecida Lanza; Padilha, Lilian; Maluf, Mirian Perez; Guerreiro Filho, OliveiroThis study investigated the response of arabica coffee plants to the pathogen Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae using RNA-seq technology. Susceptible and resistant coffee plants were inoculated with the bacteria, and leaf samples were collected at different time points for RNA sequencing. Seven genes related to different defense pathways were chosen for expression quantification in time-course experiments using infected leaves from resistant and susceptible plants, as well as non-infiltrated and water-infiltrated leaves as controls. The results obtained revealed that response mechanisms differ between genotypes and provide insights into the genetic basis of early defense in coffee plants against P. coronafaciens pv. garcae, offering potential strategies for genetic breeding.Item Rock powder application combined with bacterial inoculation enhances the early growth of coffee plants(Editora UFLA, 2025-03-14) Corrêa, Jessiane dos Santos; Araújo, Dayane Aparecida de Oliveira; Rodrigues, Allieksiei Castelar Perim Souza; Brito, Orlando Gonçalves; Gusmão Júnior, Genilson Rodrigues; Rodrigues, Tatiana Tozzi Martins SouzaThe use of rock powder combined with nutrient-solubilizing and growth-promoting bacteria represents a promising alternative for nutrient supply to the soil and improved crop development. This study aimed to evaluate the development of coffee seedlings treated with rock dust and inoculated with Bacillus species. Six types of rock powder (slate, black slate, gneiss, kamafugite, pyroxenite, and a mixture of mica schist and granite) were added to standard fertilizer in the presence or absence of a Bacillus mixture (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) during coffee cultivation. We measured plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, shoot and root dry biomass, and nutrient levels in the soil and coffee leaves after. In the kamafugite treatment, adding a bacterial mixture increased plant height. When the bacterial application was considered alone, it resulted in an 85% increase in the plants’ total dry biomass. Rock powder and bacteria showed a substantial interaction effect, particularly for nutrients. Gneiss and kamafugite treatments increased phosphorus availability in the soil, whereas bacterial presence boosted calcium and magnesium content. The combination of nutrient-solubilizing and growth-promoting bacteria and rock powder improved soil chemical properties and the early development of coffee plants.Item Sample size estimation of fruit maturation for Arabica’s coffee(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2025-01-31) Botega, Gustavo Pucci; Abrahão, Juliana Costa de Rezende; Botelho, Thiago Tavares; Botelho, Cesar Elias; Salvador, Guilherme Soares; Gonçalves, Flávia Maria AvelarThis study aimed at establishing the ideal sample size for evaluating the maturation cycle in Coffea arabica, and investigating the errors associated with different sample sizes, in addition to verifying the possibility of using the clustering method to separate genotypes according to the maturation stage. Two experiments were analyzed: one with F2:3 progenies using visual maturation assessment through fruit counting, and another with cultivars using image processing for maturation assessment. To determine the ideal sample size for this trait, we used the estimation of the errors associated with maturation, using the bootstrap technique. Subsequently, the K-means algorithm was tested as an alternative for clustering genotypes into maturation classes. The application of the bootstrap technique in order to estimate the error associated with maturation revealed that the adoption of a 450-mL sample size resulted in an associated error of approximately 5%, indicating that it is an adequate size for character assessment. The implementation of K-means as a clustering tool offers a promising perspective for Arabica coffee plant breeding programs. A more comprehensive analysis, which not only assesses the proportion of ripe fruits, but also considers the distribution of different maturation stages, provides a more accurate understanding of the maturation process. This allows a more precise identification of genotypes with the most suitable performance for different growing conditions, as well as enabling adjustments in harvest management and post-harvest processing, optimizing coffee quality.Item Contribution of mycorrhiza and phosphate-solubilizing fungi in coffee seedling growth in four soils with different fertility conditions(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2025-01-17) González-Osorio, Hernan; Sadeghian, Siavosh; Mira, Beatriz EugeniaPhosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient for coffee seedlings. To meet this requirement, coffee growers usually apply di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), which is highly sensitive to local price fluctuations. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) has been recommended, but the results derived from their application are inconsistent and uncertain, depending on soil fertility status. The response of AMF and PSF application in the plant growth of coffee seedlings during the nursery stage was evaluated in four non-sterile soils, which represent the most abundant type of soils in the coffee regions of Colombia: Eutropept, Dystropept, Fulvudand, and Ultisol. The treatments included a commercial AMF inoculum, PSF-Phlebia subserialis-CH4, and a consortium of AMF+PSF, at four P levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g.plant-1 P2O5) using DAP fertilizer. Shoot dry weight (SDW) was affected by P applications in Fulvudand. In the other soils, a P-response occurred with 0.5 g.plant-1 , whereas 1 and 2 g.plant-1 of P2O5 caused a significant reduction in SDW. AMF increased SDW by 40% in Eutropept. The negative effect of higher P amounts was mitigated (> 70%) through PSF and AMF+PSF in Ultisol and Eutropept, respectively. In plants in which microorganisms increased SDW, the P concentration was 0.17 to 0.22%. The plant growth promotion of coffee seedlings during the nursery stage with AMF and/or PSF applications varied according to soil type and P amounts applied.Item Modeling nitrogen loss due to ammonia volatilization in fertilizers applied to coffee plants(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2025-03-25) Nascimento, Leonardo de Almeida; Fernandes, Felipe Augusto; Pereira, Adriele Aparecida; Alves, Henrique José de Paula; Fernandes, Tales JesusThe coffee tree has a strong dependence on nitrogen (N), which influences the nutritional aspect and plant productivity. The knowledge of the nutritional behavior of coffee crops, as well as the pattern of nutrient release and loss, contribute to the appropriate crop management, influencing quality, productivity and minimizing economic losses. Therefore, the objective of this article is to select the non-linear model that best describes nitrogen losses due to ammonia (NH3) volatilization, in seven conventional and increased efficiency fertilizers, applied in three installments to coffee plants and indicate the fertilizers that presented the highest and lowest nitrogen losses due to NH3 volatilization. The data come from an experiment carried out during the 2015/2016 harvest at the Coffee Innovation Agency (INOVACAFÉ) of the Federal University of Lavras, in a randomized block design with 3 replications of 7 treatments (nitrogen fertilizers). The estimation method used was the least squares method (MMQ), with the Gauss-Newton convergence algorithm as the iterative method. As diagnostic measures to determine the best model, the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2aj), residual standard deviation (RSD), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and mean absolute deviation (MAD) were used. It was verified that all models exhibited good adjustments, however, the Brody and Logistic models stood out in describing the accumulated nitrogen losses, due to ammonia volatilization, in relation to the seven treatments applied and evaluated. It was found that ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate fertilizers presented the lowest N losses, while Prilled Urea and Urea + anionic polymer contribute the greatest losses due to the volatilization of NH3, in the three fertilizations on coffee plants.Item Altitude on the physicochemical characteristics of coffee beverage from beans produced in Taquaritinga do Norte, in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2025-06-13) Santos, Wallysson Wagner Vilela; Silva, Gustavo Henrique Daniel Santos; Silva, Elisandra Rabêlo da; Silva, Mateus Bezerra de Lima e; Oliveira, Rodrigo Lira de; Silva, Suzana Pedroza daThe objective of this work was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of coffee beverages prepared with Coffea arabica beans produced at different altitudes in the municipality of Taquaritinga do Norte, in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Eight coffee bean samples, obtained from five different producers, were analyzed in a completely randomized design, with three replicates. The evaluated variables were: total acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, extraction percentage, reducing sugars, and caffeine content. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance, Tukey’s mean test, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The results showed total acidity from 0.39 to 3.05 mL-1 NaOH, pH from 5.30 to 4.80, electrical conductivity from 2.79 to 3.24 µS cm-1, total dissolved solids from 2.00 to 2.56 °Brix, extraction percentage from 18.14 to 27.24%, reducing sugars from 0.28 to 0.40%, and caffeine content from 0.50 to 2.18%. Through agglomerative hierarchical clustering, two groups of samples were discriminated based on the evaluated physicochemical parameters. Altitude is a common aspect of the samples of a same group, defining different characteristics of coffee beverages in Taquaritinga do Norte.Item Maturation cycle and fruit-to-bean conversion ratios in amazon robusta coffee cultivars(Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2024-12-02) Sousa, Andrey L. B. de; Rocha, Rodrigo B.; Tadeu, Hugo C.; Lopes, Maria T. G.; Espindula, Marcelo C.; Silva, Raniel C. da; Ferreira, Fábio M.This study aimed to characterize the outturn index, field outturn index, uniformity of maturity, and maturation cycle of fifteen Coffea canephora genotypes grown in different environments of the Western Amazon. Conducted in Amazonas (Itacoatiara and Manaus) and Rondônia (Porto Velho), the research evaluated the performance of ten cultivars and five promising genotypes from Embrapa. The genotype × environment interaction was significant, indicating different performance of clones across environments. Genotypic coefficients surpassed environmental ones, indicating a genetic influence on outturn indices and uniformity of maturity. The mean outturn index was 24.68%, and the field outturn index was 22.57%, with Itacoatiara having the highest mean values. The overall mean fruit uniformity of maturity was 63.02%, with Porto Velho achieving the highest mean uniformity value (71.78%). The cultivar BRS1216 exhibited the best performance for outturn indices and provided the highest gain from selection across environments, showing wide adaptability for the outturn index and adaptability to environments favorable for field outturn. Cultivars BRS3210 and BRS3220 achieved more than 82% uniformity of maturity across locations, with BRS3210 adapting to favorable environments and BRS3220 adapting to unfavorable ones. Additionally, BRS3220 had a high mean field outturn index, indicating wide adaptability and high phenotypic stability. The evaluated Amazon Robusta clones and cultivars displayed the expected maturation cycles.Item Selection of differentiated maturity genotypes of Coffea canephora(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2025-06-02) Senra, João Felipe de Brites; Silva, Viviane Alexia Correia; Esposti, Marlon Dutra Degli; Ferreira, Adésio; Milheiros, Idalina Sturião; Ramos, Isabela Bolari; Oliveira, Rosana Gomes de; Benevenute, Lorran MarquesThe aim of this study was to select Coffea canephora genotypes from the seminal propagation variety ‘ES8152’ with different harvest times. The experiment was conducted using a Federer augmented block design with three repetitions, evaluating 175 genotypes and four clonal witnesses in two harvests (2022 and 2023), and 20 morphoagronomic characteristics were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the REML/BLUP methodology with the Selegen software, where the variance components and genetic values were estimated. The selection was performed using the Mulamba-Rank index. The bottom sieve (BS) and top sieve (TS) characteristics had high heritability (0.5779 and 0.6694, respectively) and accuracy (0.7602 and 0.8182, respectively). TS also showed high repeatability (0.6827). The genotypic effects were significant at 1% level for days for fruit ripening, fruit size, vegetative vigor, yield per plant, TS, and BS; at 5% level for general scale; and at 10% level for incidence of rust, degree of inclination, and percentage of fruit float. It was possible to distinguish 20 superior genotypes in terms of maturation, among which the selection gains for the genotypic clusters were 46.14, 45.92 and 41.56% for indefinite, early, and late maturation, respectively, by applying a selection intensity of 11.43%. Genotypes 25, 26, 73, 93, and 100 could be used for early maturing varieties, whereas genotypes 155 and 189 could be used for late-maturing varieties. The most promising genotypes for composing a variety, regardless of the maturation period, were 20, 39, 90, 112, and 190, as these were among the five best genotypes ranked in the three selection processes, demonstrating that they added superior desired morphoagronomic characteristics. It is concluded that there is genetic variability among the 175 genotypes evaluated, as well as significant genetic effects to be explored in the pool gene of individuals originating from the 'ES8152' variety.Item Physiological and nutritional parameters of drought resistance in coffee seedlings genotypes(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2025-06-02) Andreazi, Elder; Sousa, Bruno Teixeira de; Oliveira, Halley Caixeta; Fonseca, Inês Cristina de Batista; Mariucci Junior, Valdir; Shigueoka, Luciana Harumi; Sera, Gustavo HiroshiDrought is an environmental condition that compromises the development of coffee plants. New coffee genotypes that are resistant to drought must be selected quickly and practically. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the resistance of five genotypes of Coffea arabica, including three new genotypes with introgression of genes from Coffea racemosa (H0113-40-26-1, H0113-40-26-19, and H0113-40-26-10), to water restriction and relate the intensity of plant wilting with physiological responses and nutrient accumulation. The experiment was conducted using 45 coffee seedlings obtained from seeds with six pairs of leaves cultivated in tubes. Some seedlings were subjected to two water restriction periods, whereas the remainder were kept under irrigation. The photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and wilting intensity were evaluated after each restriction period. Nutrient content was also evaluated after two periods of water restriction. The evaluation of wilting intensity corroborated the physiological parameters. There was a reduction in photosynthesis and transpiration rates under water restriction and nutrient accumulation in coffee seedlings H0113-40-26-1, H0113-40-26-19, and H0113-40-26-10 increased under these conditions. C. arabica genotypes carrying the genes of C. racemosa presented good drought resistance, with H0113-40-26-10 being the most resistant and showing the lowest wilt intensity.Item Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae and P. amygdali pv. tabaci isolated from coffee plants cause diseases in different species(Editora UFLA, 2025-06-16) Raimundi, Melina Korres; Souza, Ricardo Magela de; Guimarães, Sarah da Silva Costa; Alvarenga, Ariane de Souza; Ribeiro, Daniel Henrique; Resende, Mário Lúcio VilelaBacterial halo blight and bacterial leaf spot have similar symptoms in coffee plants, and the etiological agents Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae (Pcg) and P. amygdali pv. tabaci (Pat) have very similar colony morphologies and biochemical characterizations, which makes it difficult to provide a correct diagnosis. To date, Coffea arabica is the only known natural host of Pcg, while Pat affects a wide range of host plants. However, no studies have yet been conducted to test the pathogenicity of Pcg strains in Pat hosts or Pat strains from different hosts in coffee plants. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the virulence level among Pcg strains and to perform cross-inoculation tests to confirm the hosts specificity for Pcg and Pat. In the virulence tests, there was variation in aggressiveness among Pcg strains. The reference isolate (CFBP 1634) and seven Pcg strains considered more aggressive were selected for cross-inoculation testing on different Pat hosts. All the Pat strains, regardless of the host of origin, caused disease in the coffee seedlings and Pcg strains caused disease in Phaseolus vulgaris, Cucumis sativus, Carica papaya, Aster sp., Coffea arabica, Celosia plumosa and Desmodium incanum. Therefore, there is no host specificity for Pcg and Pat, using artificial inoculation. These results are important for the beginning of the knowledge of the host range of Pcg and may contribute to the development of strategies to manage the disease.