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Item Spatial variability of pores in oxidic latosol under a conservation management system with different gypsium doses(Editora UFLA, 2014-10) Carducci, Carla Eloize; Oliveira, Geraldo César; Curi, Nilton; Rossoni, Diogo Francisco; Costa, Alisson Lucrécio; Heck, Richard JonhSoil structure is modify when subjected to the agricultural process, i.e., a new spatial organization of the pores system is formed, with relation to the physical quality of it. Thus the aim of this work was to visualize and quantify, through X-ray CT scan, the pores distribution in an oxidic Latosol submitted to a conservation management system with different gypsum doses. Three random trenches were dug lengthwise along the plant row in a very clayey gibbsitic dystrophic Red Latosol, subjected to the following gypsum levels: G0: absence of gypsum; G7: 7 Mg ha-1 and G28: 28 Mg ha-1 of additional gypsum, applied to the surface of the plant row. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in plexiglass tubes at depths of 0.20-0.34, 0.80-0.94 and 1.50-1.64 m after six years of coffee cultivation for quantification of 3D pores obtained by X-ray CT scan. The spatial variability of the soil structure was evaluated by semivariograms generated by 3D images in grayscale. Distribution of the detectable pore diameter was conducted by data mining. Statistical analyzes employed packages 'geoR' to semivariogram and 'randomForest' for data mining in R language. A greater spatial continuity of the pores occurred in the G7 at the three depths. The combined effects of the management system promoted a greater spatial variability of the soil structure in the G28 treatment. Based on geostatistical analyses, it can be infer that the adoption of the system under study promoted changes in the pore network in all directions (X, Y and Z), however with better pores continuity in the vertical direction(Z).Item Aggregate stability by the "high energy moisture characteristic" method in an oxisol under differentiated management(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2014-10) Silva, Érika Andressa da; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Silva, Bruno Montoani; Carducci, Carla Eloize; Avanzi, Junior Cesar; Serafim, Milson EvaldoStudies testing the High Energy Moisture Characteristic (HEMC) technique in tropical soils are still incipient. By this method, the effects of different management systems can be evaluated. This study investigated the aggregation state of an Oxisol under coffee with Brachiaria between crop rows and surface-applied gypsum rates using HEMC. Soil in an experimental area in the Upper São Francisco region, Minas Gerais, was studied at depths of 0.05 and 0.20 m in coffee rows. The treatments consisted of 0, 7, and 28 Mg ha-1 of agricultural gypsum rates distributed on the soil surface of the coffee rows, between which Brachiaria was grown and periodically cut, and compared with a treatment without Brachiaria between coffee rows and no gypsum application. To determine the aggregation state using the HEMC method, soil aggregates were placed in a Büchner funnel (500 mL) and wetted using a peristaltic pump with a volumetric syringe. The wetting was applied increasingly at two pre-set speeds: slow (2 mm h-1) and fast (100 mm h-1). Once saturated, the aggregates were exposed to a gradually increasing tension by the displacement of a water column (varying from 0 to 30 cm) to obtain the moisture retention curve [M = f (Ψ) ], underlying the calculation of the stability parameters: modal suction, volume of drainable pores (VDP), stability index (slow and fast), VDP ratio, and stability ratio. The HEMC method conferred sensitivity in quantifying the aggregate stability parameters, and independent of whether gypsum was used, the soil managed with Brachiaria between the coffee rows, with regular cuts discharged in the crop row direction, exhibited a decreased susceptibility to disaggregation.Item Increasing doses of agricultural gypsum, aggregate stability and organic carbon in Cerrado Latosol under Coffee crop(Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), 2013) Silva, Erika Andressa da; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Carducci, Carla Eloize; Silva, Bruno Montoani; Oliveira, Larissa Maia de; Costa, Joyce CristinaThe management of perennial crops could encourage the improvement of the soil, making it more productive, provided that appropriate agronomic practices are adopted. In order to evaluate the structure of a Cerrado Latosol subjected to soil management that adopts the use of high doses of gypsum and brachiaria on the coffee plants interrow, we studied the stability of aggregates and total soil organic carbon after two years of deployment of coffee. Soil samples were collected at 5 and 15 cm of depth in the crop coffee row located in the Alto São Francisco region, Minas Gerais states. The treatments were: G-0, no gypsum on the row, G-7, 7.0 Mg ha–1 of gypsum distributed in the coffee row, G-28, 28 Mg ha–1 of gypsum distributed in the coffee row, G-56, 56 Mg ha–1 of gypsum distributed in the row, CV-0, conventional management without gypsum CV-0 conventional tillage without gypsum in the row and grasses between row Brachiaria sp. between rows of coffee plants. Chemical analyzes were performed to determine the cations K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, P, and Al+3, total organic carbon and physical analysis of soil aggregate stability. It was determined the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of aggregates retained on sieves with diameters ranging from 4 to 0.105 mm. All treatments were found more than 90% of aggregates with a diameter >2 mm suggesting that the management adopted a positive influence soil aggregate stability. The total organic carbon were positive and significantly correlated with aggregation. The dose of gypsum 7 t ha–1 positively altered the aggregation of soil specially in the superficial layer (15 cm).Item Qualidade física e intervalo hídrico ótimo em latossolo e cambissolo, cultivados com cafeeiro, sob manejo conservacionista do solo(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2013-05) Serafim, Milson Evaldo; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Vitorino, Antonio Carlos Tadeu; Silva, Bruno Montoani; Carducci, Carla EloizeCafeicultores da região fisiográfica do Alto São Francisco, MG, Brasil, vêm adotando novo sistema de cultivo, considerado conservacionista do solo, cujos efeitos na qualidade física do solo precisam ser avaliados. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a qualidade física de um Latossolo e um Cambissolo, localizados em áreas contíguas, sob cultivo comercial de café. A área localizada no topo da paisagem é recoberta por Cambissolo Háplico Tb distrófico latossólico; a outra, no terço médio, é recoberta por Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. Em cada área foram amostradas as profundidades de 0-0,05 e 0,75-0,80 m, nas posições linha e entrelinha do cafeeiro, totalizando quatro situações em cada solo. Para cada situação, foram coletadas 21 amostras com estrutura preservada destinadas à determinação do intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO), que foram distribuídas em sete potenciais matriciais, com três repetições. Em todas as situações, o sistema de manejo conservacionista assegurou boa qualidade física, principalmente na linha da cultura, para as duas classes de solos estudadas, pois o IHO teve como limite superior e inferior a capacidade de campo e o ponto de murcha permanente, respectivamente. A boa qualidade física foi confirmada pelos valores de macro e microporosidade, volume total de poros, densidade do solo e resistência do solo à penetração e produtividades acima da média do Estado de Minas Gerais.