Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
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Item Seasonal behavior of vegetation determined by sensor on an unmanned aerial vehicle(Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2021-04-09) Felix, Filipe C.; Avalos, Fabio A.P.; Lima, Wellington De; Cândido, Bernardo M.; Silva, Marx L.N.; Mincato, Ronaldo L.Geographic information systems make it possible to obtain fine scale maps for environmental monitoring from airborne sensors on aerial platforms, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which offer products with low costs and high space-time resolution. The present study assessed the performance of an UAV in the evaluation of the seasonal behavior of five vegetation coverages: Coffea spp., Eucalyptus spp., Pinus spp. and two forest remnants. For this, vegetation indices (Excess Green and Excess Red minus Green), meteorological data and moisture of surface soils were used. In addition, Sentinel-2 satellite images were used to validate these results. The highest correlations with soil moisture were found in coffee and Forest Remnant 1. The Coffea spp. had the indices with the highest correlation to the studied soil properties. However, the UAV images also provided relevant results for understanding the dynamics of forest remnants. The Excess Green index (p = 0.96) had the highest correlation coefficients for Coffea spp., while the Excess Red minus Green index was the best index for forest remnants (p = 0.75). The results confirmed that low-cost UAVs have the potential to be used as a support tool for phenological studies and can also validate satellite-derived data.Item Green coffee extract attenuates Parkinson’s-related behaviors in animal models(Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2021-11-01) Molska, Graziella R.; Paula-Freire, Lyvia Izaura G.; Sakalem, Marna E.; Köhn, Daniele O.; Negri, Giuseppina; Carlini, Elisaldo A.; Mendes, Fúlvio R.Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between coffee consumption and the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The effects of the oral treatment with green (non-roasted) coffee extracts (CE, 100 or 400 mg/kg) and caffeine (31.2 mg/kg) were evaluated on catalepsy induced by haloperidol in mice, and unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of medial forebrain bundle (MFB) or striatum in rats. Also, the in vitro antioxidant activity and the monoamine levels in the striatum were investigated. CE presented a mild antioxidant activity in vitro and its administration decreased the catalepsy index. CE at the dose of 400 mg/kg induced ipsilateral rotations 14 days after lesion; however, chronic 30-day CE and caffeine treatments did not interfere with the animals’ rotation after apomorphine or methamphetamine challenges in animals with MFB lesion, nor on monoamines levels. Furthermore, CE and caffeine were effective in inhibiting the asymmetry between ipsilateral and contralateral rotations induced by methamphetamine and apomorphine in animals with lesion in the striatum but did not avoid the monoamines depletion. These results indicate that CE components indirectly modulate dopaminergic transmission, suggesting a pro-dopaminergic action of CE, and further investigation must be conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of action and the possible neuroprotective role in PD.Item Molecular characterization of parents and hybrid progenies of conilon coffee(Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2021) Souza, Lucimara C. de; Ferrão, Maria Amélia G.; Carvalho, Rodrigo D.; Ferrão, Romário G.; Fonseca, Aymbiré F. A. da; Pinheiro, Patrícia F.; Soares, Taís C. B.The objective of the present work was the molecular characterization of 11 parents and 101 hybrid progenies of conilon coffee, obtained through diallel crosses from the breeding program of the Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Incaper, ES, Brazil). The analyses were performed with 18 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers, obtaining a total of 32 alleles. SSR markers were classifi ed as moderately informative (PIC = 0.37), being effi cient in characterizing individuals. High genetic diversity was verifi ed in the 112 genotypes, based on the greater values of observed heterozygosity about to the expected heterozygosity (0.55 and 0.44, respectively), negative values for the fi xation index (F) (-0.14), and the formation of distinct groups by UPGMA. These results indicate high genetic variability among the conilon coffee genitors, which remained similar and persisting in the progenies. The average dissimilarity between parents was 0.29 and between progenies 0.34. The progenies 38 and 40 and the parent P11 were considered the most divergent in the study. The genetic variability found can be explored in the genetic breeding of the conilon coffee and guide crossings between diversifi ed and compatible genetic materials, for the composition of novel cultivars for the state of Espírito Santo.Item Purification and characterization of a protease from Aspergillus sydowii URM5774: Coffee ground residue for protease production by solid state fermentation(Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2021) Rocha, Felype T. B.; Brandão-Costa, Romero M. P.; Neves, Anna Gabrielly D.; Cardoso, Kethylen B. B.; Nascimento, Thiago P.; Albuquerque, Wendell W. C.; Porto, Ana Lúcia F.Solid state fermentation is a promising technology largely used in biotechnology process and is a suitable strategy for producing low-cost enzymatic products. At the present study, a novel enzyme obtained through solid state fermentation using Aspergillus sydowii was herein purifi ed and characterized. The fermentations used coffee ground residue as substrate and the crude enzyme was submitted through further purifi cation steps of: acetonic precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex and Superdex G-75 column. Both crude and purifi ed enzymes were submitted to biochemical characterization of their thermostability, optimal temperature and pH, effects of inhibitors and metal ions. A purifi ed protease was obtained with yield of 5.9-fold and 53% recovery, with maximal proteolytic activity of 352.0 U/mL. SDS-PAGE revealed a band of protein at 47.0 kDa. The enzyme activity was abolished in the presence of phenyl-methyl sulfonyl fl uoride and partially inhibited against Triton X-100 (78.0%). The optimal activity was found in pH 8.0 at 45°C of temperature. Besides, the enzyme showed stability between 35°C and 50°C. It was possible to determine appropriate conditions to the obtainment of thermostable proteases with biotechnological interest associated with a method that concomitantly shows excellent production levels and recovery waste raw material in a very profi table process.Item Impact of coffee biochar on carbon, microbial biomass and enzyme activities of a sandy soil cultivated with bean(Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2021) Martins Filho, Argemiro P.; Medeiros, Erika V. de; Lima, José Romualdo S.; Costa, Diogo P. da; Duda, Gustavo P.; Silva, Jenifer S. A. da; Oliveira, Julyana B. de; Antonino, Antônio C. D.; Menezes, Rômulo S. C.; Hammecker, ClaudeBiochar has been used to reuse the agro-industrial wastes and improve soil quality. Several studies have been carried out to show the impact of biochar on physical and chemical soil attributes. However, there are still gaps regarding the effects on as microbial biomass and enzymatic activities that are important to determine sensitive indicators to evaluate changes in management practices. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of two biochars on the chemical, microbial biomass carbon, and the enzymatic activities in an Entisol cultivated with bean. We evaluate two types of coffee biochar: ground and husks, four doses (4, 8, 12, and 16 Mg ha-1) and control. All treatments received organic fertilization with cow manure. Husks biochar increase the soil pH, Ca, and K, also contributing to the reduction of toxic aluminum contentes and raising the concentrations of P labile. The treatments that received ground biochar showed higher soil organic carbon, microbial biomass, β-glucosidase, and fl uorescein diacetate. Biochar produced from coffee residues increased sandy soil quality. We showed the fi rst report on the benefi cial impact of coffee biochar on enzymatic and microbiological quality of sandy soil cultivated with the bean.Item Increased atmospheric CO2 combined with local climatic variation affects phenolics and spider mite populations in coffee trees(Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2021) Batista, Eunice R.; Marinho-Prado, Jeanne S.; Mineiro, Jeferson L. C.; Sato, Mário E.; Luiz, Alfredo J. B.; Frighetto, Rosa T. S.Modelling studies on climate change predict continuous increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] and increase in temperature. This may alter carbon-based phytochemicals such phenolics and modify plant interactions with herbivorous. We investigated the effects of enhanced [CO2] and local climatic variation on young coffee plants, Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí vermelho IAC-144 and Obatã vermelho IAC-1669-20, cultivated in the FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) facility under two atmospheric [CO2] conditions. Coffee leaves were evaluated for total soluble phenolics (TSP), chlorogenic (5-CQA) and caffeic (CAF) acids, diversity and population size of mites, along two dry and two rainy seasons. Elevated atmospheric CO2 (e[CO2]) signifi cantly decreased 5-CQA in cv. Catuaí but did not affect cv. Obatã. Species richness and population size of mites in coffee leaves were not affected by e[CO2] but were strongly related to the seasonal variability of coffee leaf phenolics. In general, high levels of phenolics were negatively correlated with population size while the mite species richness were negatively correlated with 5-CQA and TSP levels. Our fi ndings show that [CO2] enhancement affects phenolics in coffee plants differentially by cultivars, however seasonality is the key determinant of phenolics composition, mite species richness and population size.