Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
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Item Cover crops in between-rows of Coffea canephora for reduction of soil erosion(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2025-03-17) Souza, Gustavo Soares de; Domiciano, Mateus Lopes; Sarnaglia, Gildásio Ribeiro; Pretti, Irany Rodrigues; Gonçalves, Petterson Teixeira; Kaulz, Marciano; Oliveira, Evandro Chaves de; Moreira, Raphael Magalhães GomesSoil erosion in tropical environments causes environmental, social and economic damage. Canephora coffee crops are impacted by soil erosion and testing alternatives to mitigate this damage is a current need. This study aimed to evaluate the losses of sediment, organic carbon, nutrients and surface runoff caused by water erosion in between-rows spacing of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner plants in management with and without cover crops, and the effect of the intensity of rains on sediment loss and the surface runoff. The management practices tested in between-rows spacing of coffee plants were: ES - exposed soil after manual weeding with a hoe; CC1- soil covered by palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.D.Webster] and nutsedge grass (Cyperus rotundus L.); and CC2- soil covered with purslane plant (Portulaca oleracea L.). Nine experimental plots were installed to measure losses of sediment, organic carbon, nutrients and surface runoff in the periods from September/2021 to March/2022 and from September to December/2022. The CC1 and CC2 reduced losses of sediment, organic carbon, nutrients and the volume of surface runoff from 37 to 86 % compared to ES. The increase in volume and rainfall intensities increased sediment loss and the surface runoff linearly, being more intense in ES management. The maintenance of the cover crops in between-rows spacing of coffee plants proved to be advantageous for mitigating losses of sediment, organic carbon, nutrients and surface runoff caused by water erosion, contributing to soil conservation and the sustainability of canephora coffee production.Item Land Use and Changes in Soil Morphology and Physical-Chemical Properties in Southern Amazon(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2017) Melo, Vander Freitas; Orrutéa, Alessandro Góis; Motta, Antônio Carlos Vargas; Testoni, Samara AlvesMany Amazonian farmers use the slash-and-burn method rather than fertilization for crop production. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in the morphological, physical, and chemical properties of naturally fertile Inceptisols after conversion from native forest to different uses in southern Amazonia, Brazil. Land covered by dense native forest (NF) was split into four areas of 1.0 ha each. Three areas were slashed and burned and then cultivated for 11 years with coffee (CO), secondary forest (SF), and pasture (PA). Four soil profiles were sampled in each treatment (four uses × four replicates). The mean value distribution of each physical and chemical analysis was determined for different depths, and standard error bars were placed to display significant differences among treatments. Results showed that morphology and physical properties were negatively affected after the establishment of PA and CO: a reduction in the thickness of the A horizon and in aggregate stability, a decrease in total porosity and macroporosity, and an increase in aggregate size and bulk density. Soil bulk density (SBD), geometric mean diameter of water-stable aggregates (GMD), and microporosity (SMi) were higher in soil under pasture as a consequence of more intense soil surface compaction. Native and secondary forests were the only treatments that showed granular structures in the A horizon. Significant differences between native forest and secondary forest were mainly found in the top soil layer for total porosity (STP) (NF>SF), macroporosity (SMa) (NF>SF), SBD (NF>SF) and GMD (SF>NF). Phosphorus contents in the A horizon increased from 6.2 to 21.5 mg kg-1 in PA and to 27.2 mg kg-1 in SF. Soil under coffee cultivation exhibited the lowest levels of Ca2+ and sum of bases in surface horizons. In all slash-and-burn areas there was a reduction in the C stock (Mg ha-1) of the A horizon: native forest 6.3, secondary forest 4.5, pasture 3.3, and coffee 3.1.