Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
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Item Mechanized and irrigated coffee cultivation promotes physical subsurface constraints in Oxisols(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2025-06-16) Escobar, Katherine Martinez; Silva, Laís Maria Rodrigues; Morais, Keise Duarte Bacelar de; Neves, Júlio César Lima; Oliveira, Teogenes Senna deSoils of the Cerrados (Brazilian Savanna) are deep, well-structured, and well-drained, with flat to gently undulating terrain that favors mechanization for coffee cultivation. However, these soils are susceptible to compaction. This study aimed to assess the effect of mechanization on the physical characteristics of an Oxisol under irrigated coffee cultivation in the Alto Paranaíba-Minas Gerais State. We selected eight areas with different cultivars and years of Arabica coffee plantation, sampling five positions: right soil under the tree crown (RSC), right tractor lines (RTL), interrows (IR), left tractor lines (LTL), and left soil under the tree crown (LSC) at layers of 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30, and 0.30-0.40 m. We conducted principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance, comparing means through Tukey’s test (p<0.05). The PCA selected three principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) composed of 12 physico-chemical properties from a total of 27 evaluated. Total porosity (TP), mean penetration resistance (PRmean), volumetric moisture (θ) at 100 kPa (θ 100 kPa) and 300 kPa (θ 300 kPa) tensions, particle density (PD), and granulometric fractions (clay, fine sand, and coarse sand) were among the most influential attributes. Total porosity and PRmean demonstrated the existence of compaction in the tractor wheel tracks, particularly in the 0.00-0.20 m layer. The 3.5-year-old plantation did not show significant variations in these properties. The θ 100 kPa and θ 300 kPa were higher in the compacted areas, indicating increased water retention but potentially limiting aeration. Clay content increased with depth, while sand fractions decreased, influencing the soil susceptibility to compaction. The vigor of coffee plants, as identified by satellite images (NDVI), could not be fully associated with the physical constraints of the subsurface, as even areas with low vigor did not consistently correlate with poor physical properties in laboratory analyses. These findings highlight the complex interplay between soil physical properties and coffee plant performance, emphasizing the need for comprehensive management strategies in mechanized coffee cultivation.Item Yield gains of coffee plants from phosphorus fertilization may not be generalized for high density planting(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2014-05) Valadares, Samuel Vasconcelos; Neves, Júlio César Lima; Novais, Roberto Ferreira; Rosa, Gustavo Nogueira Guedes Pereira; Martinez, Hermínia Emília Prieto; Alvarez V., Víctor HugoInconclusive responses of the adult coffee plant to phosphorus fertilization have been reported in the literature, especially when dealing with application of this nutrient in high density planting systems. Thus, this study was carried out for the purpose of assessing the response of adult coffee plants at high planting density in full production (in regard to yield and their biennial cycle/stability) to the addition of different sources and application rates of P in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experiment with coffee plants of the Catucaí Amarelo 6/30 variety was carried out over four growing seasons. Treatments were arranged in a full factorial design [(4 × 3) + 1] consisting of four P sources (monoammonium phosphate, simple superphosphate, natural reactive rock phosphate from Algeria (Djebel-Onk), and FH 550®), three P rates (100, 200, and 400 kg ha -1 year -1 of P 2 O 5 ), and an additional treatment without application of the nutrient (0 kg ha - 1 year - 1). A randomized block experimental design was used with three replicates. The four seasons were evaluated as subplots in a split plot experiment. The P contents in soil and leaves increased with increased rates of P application. However, there was no effect from P application on the yield and its biennial cycle/stability regardless of the source used over the four seasons assessed.