Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
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Item Doses de gesso em cafeeiro: influência nos teores de cálcio, magnésio, potássio e ph na solução de um latossolo vermelho distrófico(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2013-08-24) Ramos, Bárbara Zini; Toledo, João Paulo Vaz Floriano; Lima, José Maria de; Serafim, Milson Evaldo; Bastos, Ana Rosa Ribeiro; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Coscione, Aline RenéeUnbalanced amounts of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ in soils as a consequence of high gypsum applications can be due to the relationship in size (ionic radius) and charge density (charge/ ionic radius) of each ionic species. The higher the ionic strength, the stronger is the bonding of these cations with the opposite charge ions such as OH- , SO4 -2. Thus, excessive gypsum applications, disregarding the charge balance of the soil colloidal system, the ionic balance of the solution, and the CEC, can result in significant leaching of these nutrients throughout the soil profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high gypsum rates (0, 7, and 56 t ha-1) on the pH and Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ contents in aqueous soil extracts of a dystrophic Red Latosol with coffee. The soil was sampled in the coffee rows in the following depths: 0.15- 0.25; 0.35-0.45; 0.75-0.85; 1.15-1.25, and 2.35-2.45 m, 16 months after gypsum application. The experiment consisted of four treatments: G-0 – 2 t ha-1 of gypsum was applied in total área during soil preparation, with brachiaria between coffee rows; G-7 - same as in G-0 plus 7.0 t ha-1 of gypsum applied to the coffee rows; G-56 – same as in G-0 plus 56 t ha-1 of gypsum applied to the coffee rows; and CV-7 - same as in G-7 but without brachiaria between the coffee rows. The experiments were conducted in triplicate, in a randomized block design. After 16 months, there was a reduction of the pH of the soil solution in the layers 0.15-0.25, 0.35-0.45, and 0.75-0.85 m. Gypsum improved the root environment in deeper layers, increasing Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrations in the soil solution, but reduced K+ below 0.85 m. The amounts of exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ found in the soil solution were above the critical level while exchangeable K+ was within the range indicated for the crop.Item Structural quality of soils cultivated with coffee and pasture in an environmental protection area(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2010-05) Lima, Vico Mendes Pereira; Magalhães, Ciro Augusto de Souza; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Lima, José Maria deStudies of soils in Environmental Protection Areas (EPAs) are of great importance, because they are an essential component of ecosystems, directly interfering in environmental sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural quality of soil cultivated with coffee and used as pasture in the Capituva’s River microbasin, which is located in the Environmental Protection Area in Coqueiral, south of the state of Minas Gerais. Uniaxial compression test (preconsolidation test) and soil resistance to penetration were used. Undisturbed samples were taken from the surface layer (0–5 cm) of the soils in the area: a typic dystrophic Red Latosol (LVd - Oxisol), a typic eutrophic Red Argisol (PVe - Ultisol), and a typic dystrophic Haplic Cambisol (CXbd - Inceptisol). A significant linear positive correlation was observed between the results of the preconsolidation test and soil resistance to penetration. Load bearing capacity of soil could be estimated accordingly by means of penetration resistance for LVd, PVe, and CXbd. Cambisol - CXbd showed lower loading support capacity and resistance to penetration than LVd and PVe, due to the better crop management in this soil that resulted in higher physical quality which accounts for higher production and environmental sustainability.Item Doses de gesso em cafeeiro: influência nos teores de cálcio, magnésio, potássio e ph na solução de um latossolo vermelho distrófico(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2013-07) Ramos, Bárbara Zini; Toledo, João Paulo Vaz Floriano; Lima, José Maria de; Serafim, Milson Evaldo; Bastos, Ana Rosa Ribeiro; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Coscione, Aline RenéeO desbalanço entre Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ e K + no solo como consequência das aplicações elevadas de gesso deve-se às relações de tamanho (raio iônico) e densidades de cargas (relação carga/raio) de cada espécie iônica. Quanto maior a densidade de carga, mais intensa será a ligação iônica do cátion com íons de cargas opostas como OH - e SO 4-2 . Dessa maneira, o uso excessivo de gesso agrícola, sem considerar o balanço de cargas das partículas do solo; o equilíbrio iônico; e a CTC podem resultar em expressiva lixiviação ao longo do perfil do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de elevadas doses de gesso (0, 7 e 56 t ha -1 ) nos teores de Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + e pH na solução de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico cultivado com cafeeiro, obtida pelo método adaptado do extrato aquoso. O solo foi amostrado nas profundidades de 0,15-0,25; 0,35-0,45; 0,75-0,85; 1,15-1,25 e 2,35-2,45 m na linha de plantio, em quatro tratamentos: G-0 - gesso no preparo (aplicação ocorreu em setembro de 2008, distribuído a lanço, na quantidade de 2 t ha -1 ) e sem gesso na linha de plantio; G-7 - gesso adicionado durante a preparação do solo (2 t ha -1 ), na mesma condição do G-0 e 7,0 t ha -1 de gesso na linha de plantio; G-56 - gesso adicionado durante a preparação do solo (2 t ha -1 ), na mesma condição do G-0 e 56 t ha -1 de gesso na linha de plantio (nessas parcelas experimentais as entrelinhas de plantio foram cobertas com braquiária); e CV-7: ausência de braquiária na entrelinha, com gesso no preparo e 7 t ha -1 de gesso na linha, com três repetições distribuídas em blocos ao acaso, totalizando 60 amostras. Após 16 meses da adição de gesso, observou-se redução do pH na solução do solo nas profundidades de 0,15- 0,25; 0,35-0,45 e 0,75-0,85 m. A aplicação de gesso agrícola foi eficiente na melhoria do ambiente radicular no subsolo, aumentou a concentração de Mg 2+ e Ca 2+ na solução do solo, mas reduziu o K + em profundidade, a partir de 0,85 m. Os teores de Ca 2+ e Mg 2+ trocáveis na solução do solo estiveram acima do nível crítico; entretanto, os teores de K + trocável se mantiveram na faixa do valor crítico, indicado para o desenvolvimento da cultura.Item Kinetics of K release from soils of brazilian coffee regions: effect of organic acids(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2008-03) Silva, Vladimir Antônio; Marchi, Giuliano; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto Guimarães; Lima, José Maria de; Nogueira, Francisco Dias; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito GontijoKinetic studies on soil potassium release can contribute to a better understanding of K availability to plants. This study was conducted to evaluate K release rates from the whole soil, clay, silt, and sand fractions of B-horizon samples of a basalt-derived Oxisol and a sienite-derived Ultisol, both representative soils from coffee regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Potassium was extracted from each fraction after eight different shaking time periods (0–665 h) with either 0.001 mol L -1 citrate or oxalate at a 1:10 solid:solution ratio. First-order, Elovich, zero-order, and parabolic diffusion equations were used to parameterize the time dependence of K release. For the Oxisol, the first-order equation fitted best to the experimental data of K release, with similar rates for all fractions and independent of the presence of citrate or oxalate in the extractant solution. For all studied Ultisol fractions, in which K release rates increased when extractions were performed with citrate solution, the Elovich model described K release kinetics most adequately. The highest potassium release rate of the Ultisol silt fraction was probably due to the transference of “non-exchangeable” K to the extractant solution, whereas in the Oxisol exchangeable potassium represented the main K source in all studied fractions.