Artigos Científicos
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://sbicafe.ufv.br/handle/123456789/14737
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Item Partitioning of nitrate reductase activity in Coffea arabica L. and its relation to carbon assimilation under different irradiance regimes(Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2007-03-26) Carelli, Maria Luiza C.; Fahl, Joel I.The distribution of in vivo nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) activity (NRA) between leaves and roots was studied in young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) grown in pots with watered sand in a glasshouse and irrigated with nutrient solution. The influence of irradiance regimes on the partitioning of NRA, and its relation with CO2 assimilation, was also evaluated in plants grown under approximately 20, 50 and 100% of full sunlight. Time-course of nitrate accumulation in nitrogen-starved plants showed a similar pattern in leaves and roots after supplying 15 mmol L-1 nitrate, indicating efficient ability of the roots to export nitrate to the shoot. At the same time, NRA was rapidly induced in both tissues. In shoots, NRA partitioning was synchronized among the various leaf pairs. The initial increase in NRA, as each leaf pair emerged, coincided with the optimum NRA values of the next older leaf pair. However, the average shoot NRA remained relatively constant for each sampling date. During the first 23 weeks of vegetative growth, the mean NRA was 32% higher in leaves than in roots. The irradiance regimes influenced the partitioning of NRA between leaves and roots. The NRA leaf /root ratio was 0.72, 1.21 and 1.05, respectively, for plants grown under 20%, 50% and 100% of full sunlight. Leaf NRA was positively correlated with CO2 assimilation, in response to irradiance regimes. Under favorable CO2 assimilation conditions, higher NRA was observed in leaves than in roots, and the contrary trend occurred under limiting CO2 assimilation conditions. Under moderate irradiance regime the leaves were the main site of nitrate reduction, contributing with 70% of the whole plant nitrate assimilation.Item Alterations in leaf anatomy and physiology caused by the red mite (Oligonychus ilicis) in plants of Coffea arabica(Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2007-06-15) Fahl, Joel I.; Queiroz-Voltan, Rachel B.; Carelli, Maria Luiza C.; Schiavinato, Marlene A.; Prado, Ana K. S.; Souza, Júlio C.Three degrees of red mite infestation (Oligonychus ilicis McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) were evaluated with regard to leaf anatomy, photosynthetic gas exchange and leaf ethylene production, in a commercial crop of approximately 12-year-old trees of Coffea arabica 'Catuaí Vermelho'. As a complementary study, foliar anatomy was also evaluated in a recuperated crop of C. arabica 'Mundo Novo' that had presented a high degree of red mite infestation during the dry period of the prior growing season. The red mite-infested leaves were bronze-coloured, with intensity proportional to the degree of internal damage. On feeding, the red mite introduces its stylet in the adaxial epidermis and, as a result, chloroplasts are destroyed in the feeding area. The number of chlorophyll-free cells in the palisade parenchyma was proportional to the intensity of attack by red mites. The cells of the spongy parenchyma, localized below the feeding areas of the mites, did not show any alterations, having intact chloroplasts, with the exception of some leaves that suffered from intense attack. Net photosynthesis rate declined, but only in leaves under intense red mite attack, due to destruction of chloroplasts in the attacked cells. Nevertheless, transpiration and stomatal conductance were unaffected by red mite. The concentrations of ethylene produced by the leaves were similar regardless of three levels of attack, suggesting that red mite infestation does not lead to leaf abscission. In addition, anatomical studies of 'Mundo Novo' leaves of plants that visually recovered from red mite attack showed that, even with scars present, they continued attached on the plant.