Biota Neotropica
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Item Soil macrofauna in organic and conventional coffee plantations in Brazil(Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA – FAPESP, 2018) Santos, Janaina Biral dos; Ramos, Alessandro Coutinho; Azevedo Júnior, Romildo; Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos Iuñes de; Baretta, Dilmar; Cardoso, Elke Jurandy Bran NogueiraBrazil has always been one of the most important coffee producing countries. Lately, there has equally been a renewed interest in alternative coffee production systems. The state of Espírito Santo is the second greatest coffee producer in Brazil; so, we used local coffee plantations to evaluate the relations between soil macrofauna and chemical and microbiological soil properties to identify which of these properties discriminate more effectively between the organic management system (OS) and the conventional management system (CS) of coffee plantations. For each of these two cultivation systems we chose three coffee farms who employed both cultivation systems and picked out the most similar fields from each property. At each site, first we sampled the litter at the soil surface. Afterwards, we sampled nine soil monoliths to evaluate the macrofauna, in summer and winter. We also collected nine supplemental soil samples, taken at a few centimeters from the soil monoliths, for chemical and microbiological analyses. Macrofauna density was evaluated by ANOVA and multivariate analysis. The chemical and microbiological properties are environmental variables, while the data on macrofauna are the explanatory variables. The total number of individuals recovered in this study was 3,354, and the climate, identified by the sampling season, was a great modulator of macrofauna, with higher numbers in winter. The principal components analysis showed that soil moisture, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, copper, pH, acid and alkaline phosphatases and microbial biomass carbon, were the most outstanding ones to discriminate both cultivation systems. We found no statistical significant differences in macrofauna density between OS and CS, probably due to a general great variability, since there was a tendency for much greater values in OS. We detected the interference of chemical and microbiological soil properties on the macrofauna community in both systems of coffee cultivation, and some results clearly correlated much better with climate data than with other factors. To our knowledge, this is the first time in which the data point to a clear separation between the more numerous and diversified soil macrofauna in coffee with organic cultivation from that with a conventional cultivation system.Item Mites and leaf domatia: no evidence of mutualism in Coffea arabica plants(Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA – FAPESP, 2011) Romero, Gustavo Quevedo; Daud, Rodrigo Damasco; Salomão, Adriana Trevizoli; Martins, Luiz Fernando; Feres, Reinaldo José Fazzio; Benson, Woodruff WhitmanWe conducted experiments by blocking off pit-like domatia from old and new leaves of Coffea arabica L., using tiny resin drops, to investigate the role of domatia on i) mite abundance at the community level and on ii) leaf damages. More than 77% of the mites collected were predators, whereas 19 and 3.3% were omnivores and phytophages, respectively. Domatia blockage treatment had no influence either on mite abundances or leaf damages. However, predatory and omnivorous mites were more abundant on new than on the old leaves; phytophagous mites occurred at very low density and occupied only plants having open domatia. The absence of mutualism between mites and C. arabica probably occurred because the entrances of domatia were too small and did not enable the entry of fitoseid predators in these structures.Item Ácaros de cafeeiro (Coffea spp.) no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Parte II. Prostigmata(Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA – FAPESP, 2010) Mineiro, Jeferson Luiz de Carvalho; Raga, Adalton; Sato, Mário Eidi; Matioli, André Luiz; Berton, Luiz Henrique ChorfiEste trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento das espécies de ácaros pertencentes à subordem Prostigmata em Coffea spp. em diferentes localidades do Estado de São Paulo. Folhas e ramos de cafeeiros (Coffea spp.) foram coletados em 24 municípios do Estado de São Paulo e em diferentes épocas do ano. Todos os ácaros encontrados foram montados em lâminas de microscopia. A identificação dos ácaros foi feita até o nível específico quando possível. Foram identificadas 79 espécies de ácaros pertencentes às famílias Anystidae, Bdellidae, Cheyletidae, Cunaxidae, Diptilomiopidae, Eriophyidae, Eupalopsellidae, Eupodidae, Iolinidae, Meyerellidae, Nanorchestidae, Paratydeidae, Raphignathidae, Stigmaeidae, Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae, Trombidiidae, Tuckerellidae e Tydeidae.