Cinética de liberação do potássio em solos de regiões cafeeiras: efeito de ácidos orgânicos
Arquivos
Data
2000
Autores
Silva, Vladimir Antônio
Nogueira, Francisco Dias
Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo
Guilherme, Luiz Roberto Guimarães
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
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Resumo
Estudos de cinética de liberação de K podem contribuir para a avaliação da sua disponibilidade no solo para as plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivos investigar a cinética de liberação do potássio nas frações terra fina, areia, silte e argila de dois solos do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, originalmente cultivados com cafeeiro e comparar quatro equações para descrevê-la. As frações foram submetidas a oito extrações sucessivas (0 a 665h) com citrato e oxalato 10-3 mol L-1 sendo os resultados de K liberado somados e plotados em função do tempo. Foram comparadas as equações de ordem zero, primeira ordem, Elovich e
parabólica de difusão para verificar qual delas melhor descreve a cinética de liberação do K. Na condução do experimento utilizaram-se amostras do horizonte B de um Latossolo Roxo (LR) originado de basalto e uma Terra Bruna Estruturada (TB) originada de sienito nefelínico. Para cada equação foram calculados o coeficiente de correlação (r) e o erro padrão da estimativa (EP). A equação de primeira ordem descreveu melhor os resultados do LR e a equação de Elovich se ajustou melhor aos resultados da TB. As velocidades de liberação do K para o LR foram semelhantes em todas as frações estudadas e não foi observado efeito dos ácidos orgânicos na velocidade de liberação do K porque a maior parte dele era proveniente da forma trocável. Na TB, o citrato acelerou a liberação do K em todas as frações estudadas, tendo a fração silte apresentado maior velocidade, porque a maior parte do K proveniente dela estava na forma trocável.
Kinetics studies on the release of potassium from soils can contribute to a better understanding of K availability to plants. This study was conducted to evaluate the kinetics of K release from different soil fractions (whole soil, clay, silt, and sand) of B-horizon samples of a Dusky-Red Latosol (DR, which is a basalt-derived Oxisol) and a Structured-Brown-Earth Soil (SBE, which is a sienite-derived Ultisol), both representative soils from coffee regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Potassium release from each soil fraction was measured by eight successive extractions (0 - 665h) with 10-3 mol L-1 of either citrate or oxalate. First-order, Elovich, zero-order, and parabolic diffusion equations were used to check for the best fit, which was done by correlation as well as least-squares analyses. The kinetics of K release in the DR soil was best described by the first-order equation, whereas the Elovich equation gave the best fit in the SBE soil. All soil fractions of the DR soil behave the same way as for the rate of K release. There were no effect of either citrate or oxalate on the kinetics of K release from the DR soil, which had most of its K supply coming from the exchangeable form. Citrate caused an increase in the rate of K release from the SBE soil. In such soil, the highest rate was observed for the silt fraction, probably because most of its K was in the "exchangeable" form.
Kinetics studies on the release of potassium from soils can contribute to a better understanding of K availability to plants. This study was conducted to evaluate the kinetics of K release from different soil fractions (whole soil, clay, silt, and sand) of B-horizon samples of a Dusky-Red Latosol (DR, which is a basalt-derived Oxisol) and a Structured-Brown-Earth Soil (SBE, which is a sienite-derived Ultisol), both representative soils from coffee regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Potassium release from each soil fraction was measured by eight successive extractions (0 - 665h) with 10-3 mol L-1 of either citrate or oxalate. First-order, Elovich, zero-order, and parabolic diffusion equations were used to check for the best fit, which was done by correlation as well as least-squares analyses. The kinetics of K release in the DR soil was best described by the first-order equation, whereas the Elovich equation gave the best fit in the SBE soil. All soil fractions of the DR soil behave the same way as for the rate of K release. There were no effect of either citrate or oxalate on the kinetics of K release from the DR soil, which had most of its K supply coming from the exchangeable form. Citrate caused an increase in the rate of K release from the SBE soil. In such soil, the highest rate was observed for the silt fraction, probably because most of its K was in the "exchangeable" form.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (1.: 2000 : Poços de Caldas, MG). Resumos expandidos. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café; Belo Horizonte : Minasplan, 2000. 2v. (1490p.) : il.
Palavras-chave
Café Potássio Ácidos orgânicos, Coffe Potassium Organic acids
Citação
Silva, Vladimir Antônio; Nogueira, Francisco Dias; Guimarães, Paulo Tácito Gontijo; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto Guimarães. Cinética de liberação do potássio em solos de regiões cafeeiras: efeito de ácidos orgânicos. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (1.: 2000 : Poços de Caldas, MG). Resumos expandidos. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café; Belo Horizonte : Minasplan, 2000. 2v. (1490p.), p. 1408-1411.