Biblioteca do Café
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Caracterização de germoplasma de Coffea arabica L. com base em características agronômicas(Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2024-10-01) Silva, Maria Gabriela Pereira e; Abrahão, Juliana Costa de Rezende; Nadaleti, Denis Henrique Silva; Pereira, Antônio Alves; Fassio, Larissa de Oliveira; Botelho, Cesar EliasGenetic resources embody the reservoir of essential natural variability for cultivated species breeding programs. The objective of this study was to select Arabica coffee accessions from the Minas Gerais Coffee Germplasm Collection grounded in agronomic traits. The productivity, quantified in bags per hectare, of 25 accessions was evaluated across four harvests, as was the percentage of maturation and floating beans. Genetic parameters were estimated for these attributes, aiming to glean insights into the potential for genetic gain and to facilitate decision-making in breeding practices. The REML/BLUP procedure was used to estimate variance components and predict random effects within the agronomic data. Genetic variability was observed among the studied accessions for productivity and the percentage of dried/pass fruits, indicating potential for genetic gain through selection within this group of accessions. There is potential for genetic breeding through selection, leading to subsequent enhancement in the means of the evaluated traits, notably in accessions MG0223 (Pacamara), MG0438 (Mundo Novo x S795 UFV 335-04), MG0194 (Caturra Amarelo Colombiano), MG0420 (Mundo Novo x S795 UFV 315-04), and MG0036 (Bourbon Amarelo). These results highlight the potential of these accessions to produce specialty coffees and their suitability for future breeding programs aimed at improving beans quality and productivity in Brazil.Item System dynamic model of green supply chain management robusta coffee Argopuro in Indonesia: A case study(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2024-06-19) Purnomo, Bambang Herry; Ni’maturrakhmat, Viko Nurluthfiyadi; Wibowo, YuliSmall-scale Argopuro Robusta coffee agroindustry has the potential to harm the environment in every supply chain activity. Even though the waste processing process has been carried out, this is still not enough to reduce the environmental impact. Performance measurement of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) in the business is complex because it considers environmental indicators and operational business as a whole. GSCM performance is also dynamic because the behavior of the supply chain system often changes over time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a performance diagnosis model that has complex and dynamic characteristics through a system dynamic model. This research aims to diagnose and improve the GSCM performance index for currently and future using a system dynamic model. The scope of the model starts from harvesting coffee cherries to selling processed products. Research result shows that there are 13 performance indicators. The indicator values are then determined using the system dynamic model to obtain an index value of GSCM. The simulation results show that in 2023, the GSCM performance value will be 35.40, which is included in the good enough status, and 2035 the performance value increase by 54.8. To improve its performance, an optimistic scenario is used. This scenario is built by providing intervention to increase the percentage of waste processing by 90% for solid waste and 70% for liquid waste. Increase the number of pickup trucks by 4 units and reduce the motorcycle by 45 units to be more optimal and reduce the amount of emissions produced. The simulation results show that with that scenario the GSCM performance index was successfully increased to 68.2 (good status) in 2035.Item Descriptive sensory tests for evaluating Coffea arabica: A systematic review(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2024-04-20) Nascimento, Manuella Oliveira; Ombredane, Alicia Simalie; Oliveira, Livia de Lacerda deCoffee is a beverage whose price is closely related to the characteristics of its flavor, necessitating reliable sensory tests. To quantify their sensory attributes, classic sensorial methods such as Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) can be useful. However, uncertainties persist due to protocol variations, which made uncertain the quality of these protocols in evaluating coffee. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the quality of QDA protocols used for assessing Coffea arabica’s sensory attributes. The review encompassed various critical protocols control points, including pre-test procedures, coffee processing and preparation techniques, test application and data collection procedures. It was also summarized key attributes, highlighting factors impacting coffee’s sensory traits and bias risk of the studies. As the main results, it was saw that the studies have many limitations, such as not citing or controlling critical points in the tests procedures and application, which made most studies having a medium-high bias rating. The primary sensory results findings of the studies included topics such as the impact of brewing time, chemical compounds associated with sensory attributes and the effect of various roasting techniques on the sensory qualities of coffee. In conclusion, standardizing sensory evaluations in future research could enhance consistency and accuracy, yielding less biased results.Item Analysis of coffee thermophysical changes during roasting using differential scanning colorimetry(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 2023-02-13) Mutovkina, Ekaterina Alexandrovna; Bredikhin, Sergey AlekseevichThe main objective of the present study was to evaluate the variation of dependency between physical green coffee beans characteristics and thermal effects during roasting. In this work was analyzed coffee roasting process, used differential scanning colorimetry able to describe thermophysical processes inside a coffee bean during the roasting process was developed. For the analysis of thermophysical effects inside the coffee bean were explored six samples of coffee beans with different origins. The scanning colorimetry data obtained showed differences in thermal effects, the transition from an endothermic process to an exothermic one, as well as the amount of heat required for the roasting process. The analyzed humidity and density curves were then compared with the observed data. The analysis showed a direct dependency between the physical characteristics of the grain and the thermal effects during the roasting process. The present study concludes that green coffee with different properties requires the use of different strategies for the use of energy to obtain a quality product.Item Exploring the diversity of microorganisms and potential pectinase activity isolated from wet fermentation of coffee in northeastern Peru(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 2023-09-09) Fernandez -Güimac, Samia Littly Jahavely; Perez, Jhordy; Mendoza, Jani Elisabet; Bustamante, Danilo Edson; Calderon, Martha SteffanyIn this study, the microbiota associated with coffee fermentation from two regions from northern Peru was evaluated. Bacteria and fungi were isolated from coffee farms in the Amazonas and Cajamarca regions and identified using molecular markers 16S rRNA and ITS. The potential pectinase activity was registered by the formation of a transparent halo around colonies. As a result, 29 and 09 species belonging to bacteria and fungi, respectively, were found. The bacterial genera Lysinibacillus and Stenotrophomonas and the fungal genus Aspergillus accounted for the highest number of species isolated from coffee ferments. Forty-one out of 71 isolates showed some type of pectinase enzyme activity, and they included 23 isolates from Cajamarca and 18 from Amazonas. Nevertheless, only three bacterial species registered the formation of transparent halos and showed relevant potential pectinase enzyme activity, namely, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Stenotrophomonas pavanii, which were all from the Cajamarca region. These species could be further investigated by quantifying enzymes activity and performing other biochemical properties to prototype starter cultures. Accordingly, the study of indigenous microorganisms with biological potential will be essential to increase the coffee value chain and improve the incomes of farmers.Item Supplier Selection in a Coffee-Roasting Plant: an Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2022-10-02) Pacheco, Daniel L. P. de A.; Malheiros, Fernando C.; Almeida, Luís F. M. de; Castillo, Lucio A. M.; Penteado, Ricardo B.Companies are looking for reliable partners, including suppliers, that offer high-quality services. The decision-making process involves several stakeholders with different objectives that require different types of relevant criteria to be considered. This study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multiple-criteria decision analysis and decision-making method, to select a new supplier for a coffee-roasting plant. For this, the type of coffee was selected, and the relevant criteria were established: percentage of extrinsic defects, loss in precleaning, price, and taste. Four different potential suppliers were compared in relation to all criteria using the AHP. We achieved our research objective by establishing an order of priority for the criteria and suppliers. As a result, supplier B was the leading supplier with a 35.29% priority, followed by suppliers A and D. Our findings show great potential for using a formal method in the decision-making process in the agro-industry and applying the AHP method in an important problem and in relevant plant culture. Furthermore, other problems in agricultural engineering can benefit from the reasoning steps employed.Item Análise de splicing alternativo durante o processo de amadurecimento de frutos: aplicação em café e tomate(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2023-08-25) Fernandes, Miquéias; Mendes, Tiago Antônio de Oliveira; Moura, Eveline Teixeira CaixetaAlternative Splicing (AS) is a co-transcriptional mechanism that enables the eukaryote to extend its proteome even with a limited number of genes. The cellular machinery performs AS by combining alternative regions of the isoforms in both productive and non-productive transcripts. AS events can be predicted using RNASeq data. In plants, the most frequent event is the retention of introns (IR) that can have a regulatory effect, for example, inserting a premature stop codon (PTC) that leads to degradation of the transcript through the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway. To study potential AS events in the biological process of coffee bean and tomato ripening, we conducted a DAS study using RNASeq data obtained for differential expression experiment and the referential coffee genome to identify differential AS (DAS). For this, we developed pipelines in Python to perform an automated curation of the 202 target genes that were identified with 241 DAS events by rMATS in the comparisons of early green fruits, intermediate yellow and final red ripening stage. We then carried out a manual curation of the 241 events enriched with the Interproscan5 annotation with further experimentally validating of Potassium channel AKT1 and Apyrase 7 genes under differential alternative expression during coffee grain ripening using conventional PCR and qPCR. Due to challenges identified during this analysis associated with the relationship of AS events and RNASeq data processing, we built an application of user- friendly APP to predict AS in RNASeq data. The application development is composed of three modules named GeneAPPScript, GeneAPPServer, GeneAPPExplorer. The GeneAPPScript module is a powerful wrapper that enables to perform a complete DAS analysis from obtaining network data to functional annotation of genes under DAS. This module can run on Debian distros, such as the Google Collaboratory (Colab) environment where it was developed. The GeneAPPServer module is a Flask backend that allows you to integrate outputs from different DAS analysis software that generate data in tabular outputs. Using GeneAPPExplorer, the user can generate dozens of graphs to graphically visualize important results implicit in technical tables exported by DAS analysis software. In addition, through the webapp, the researcher has access to tables enriched with functional and structural annotation data and event attributes. GeneAPP will contribute to the analysis of AS in several other works deposited in public databases where only differential expression at the gene level was analyzed, allowing further explanation when exploring the transcriptome at the isoform level.Item O café no sudoeste mineiro : terra, trabalho e acumulação (1880-1930)(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2023-11-30) Rodrigues, João Lucas; Godoy, Marcelo MagalhãesEste trabalho dedica-se ao estudo da economia cafeeira no Sudoeste mineiro – municípios de Guaxupé, Guaranésia e Muzambinho – entre os anos de 1880 e 1930. Valendo-nos de um conjunto diversificado e abundante de fontes, analisamos o processo de montagem da cafeicultura regional, com especial atenção sobre a estrutura fundiária, a configuração interna das fazendas, os sistemas de trabalho e a distribuição de riquezas. Na primeira parte da pesquisa, examinamos o movimento de expansão dos plantios, os números da produção local e os impactos da nova dinâmica econômica sobre a distribuição da posse da terra e organização das fazendas. A partir dos inventários e de fontes auxiliares, foi possível identificar as principais unidades produtoras, conhecer a dimensão das lavouras, os investimentos em benfeitorias e equipamentos ligados ao beneficiamento das safras, e as formas de administrar os espaços das propriedades. Na segunda parte, apresentamos, de início, os regimes de trabalho empregados nas fazendas e os ganhos dos trabalhadores. Com base nos registros privados de propriedades, constatamos que, nas maiores unidades, o principal arranjo de trabalho era o colonato. Por fim, analisamos a composição das fortunas locais, a distribuição dos recursos e a capacidade de acumulação da nova organização econômica.Item Aplicação de técnicas espectroscópicas e métodos de modelagem de classe na discriminação geográfica de grãos de café verde da região do Cerrado Mineiro(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2022-03-22) Santos, Larissa Batista dos; Almeida, Mariana Ramos deO café é uma das bebidas mais consumidas e apreciadas no mundo. No cenário econômico, a matéria prima é de grande relevância para o país, principalmente no estado de Minas Gerais. Com o grande avanço tecnológico e melhora na qualidade de vida, cada vez mais aumenta a busca por produtos ou serviços, que tenham algum diferencial, os cafés produzidos na Região do Cerrado Mineiro possuem certificado de Denominação de Origem que garante a qualidade e o diferencial dos grãos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver modelos de classificação para caracterizar e discriminar os grãos de café provenientes do Cerrado Mineiro. Foram utilizadas as técnicas espectroscópicas, fluorescência de raios X por reflexão total (TXRF), espectroscopia no infravermelho médio com refletância total atenuada (ATR-MIR), espectrometria de massas por paper-spray (PS-MS) e espectroscopia de absorção no ultravioleta-visível (UV-Vis). Foram construídos planejamentos de experimentos para otimização da extração dos compostos presentes nos grãos de café verde a serem utilizados nas análises por PS-MS e UV-Vis. Métodos de modelagem de classe, SIMCA (modelagem independente e flexível por analogia de classe), DD-SIMCA (modelagem flexível e independente por analogia de classes orientada aos dados) e OCPLS (mínimos quadrados parciais de uma classe) foram empregados para a construção de modelos com os dados individuais de cada técnica e com os dados concatenados, de modo a aproveitar a sinergia entre os dados provenientes de diferentes técnicas. Foi aplicado o método de seleção de variáveis, seleção dos preditores ordenados (OPS), visando melhorar a performance dos modelos. Em geral, os modelos construídos com os dados de UV-Vis e fusão de dados das outras técnicas apresentaram melhores desempenho. O método de seleção de variáveis foi capaz de selecionar as variáveis mais importantes para os modelos melhorando seu desempenho. A interpretação dos modelos foi realizada por meio do poder de modelagem das variáveis em que foi possível observar que as substâncias trigonelina e ácidos clorogênicos foram responsáveis na discriminação dos grãos de café da região do Cerrado em relação aos grãos de café da região do Caparaó, Mogiana e Sul de Minas. Em relação aos elementos inorgânicos, P, Cl, Ti, Cu, Zn e Rb foram selecionados como sendo os mais importantes. O desempenho dos modelos foi interpretado por meio das figuras de mérito sensibilidade, especificidade e eficiência.Item A volatilidade nos preços futuro do café brasileiro e seus principais elementos causadores(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2005-10-27) Martins, Caroline Miriã Fontes; Castro Junior, Luiz Gonzaga deAs mudanças ocorridas nas últimas décadas no plano institucional e econômico impulsionaram os agentes econômicos do setor agropecuário à busca constante pela profissionalização. Nesse contexto, os instrumentos derivativos constituem-se em importante meio para a atividade de gestão do risco e realização de hedge dos agentes das cadeias agropecuárias, dado ao elevado nível de incerteza presente nesta atividade produtiva. No entanto, para atuar no mercado dos derivativos é requerido que os agentes detenham informações relevantes acerca de suas peculiaridades, bem como sobre o comportamento dos seus preços e dos traders que operam neste mercado. Essa análise possibilita que esses agentes conheçam os elementos que o desestabilizam o mercado no qual estão operando e os permite operarem com menor exposição aos riscos de flutuações de preços. Assim sendo, a fim de compreender melhor os fatores que provocam distúrbios nos retornos dos contratos futuros do café arábica da BM&F, implementou-se os modelos da classe ARCH para examinar a volatilidade desta commodity. Os resultados empíricos sinalizam a presença de assimetria a boas e más notícias e de agrupamentos de volatilidade a série em questão, ou seja, da presença dos fatos estilizados das séries financeiras. Ademais, constatou-se que a expectativa quanto aos níveis da produção brasileira apresentaram fortes reflexos sobre as cotações do café, tanto no mercado futuro brasileiro como no norte-americano. Embora a intensidade desses reflexos venha apresentando reduções nos últimos anos. Dessa forma, fatores climáticos nas principais regiões produtoras deste país geram agitações no mercado mundial do café. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que o ciclo produtivo do café, no que diz respeito a sua bianualidade, exerce papel significativo na formação das expectativas dos traders quanto ao nível de produção do café. Verificou-se, também, que as políticas institucionais de elevação artificial dos preços mundiais do café demonstram-se ineficientes no atual contexto comercial. No que diz respeito, a atuação dos especuladores no mercado futuro do café ressalta-se a importância que o conhecimento da atuação desses agentes possui para que os demais participantes possam nortear as suas decisões.