Biblioteca do Café
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Item The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizae helper bacteria combined with compost to reduce the Pratylenchus coffeae population in an Arabica coffee plantation(Editora UFLA, 2024-10-31) Hindersah, Reginawanti; Asyiah, Iis NurArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) are potential biological agents that control Pratylenchus coffeae, a major endoparasitic nematode in coffee plantations. An experiment was conducted to determine the role of AMF and MHB inoculants combined with compost in reducing plant damage and the number of nematodes in the soil and roots, as well as increasing the AMF infection rate in juvenile (JP) and mature (MP) Arabica coffee plants. The field experiment with a randomized block design was conducted with both juvenile (JP) and mature plants, consisting of 8 combination treatments and one control with three replications. The JP and MP plants received 1.5-50 g and 25-100 g AMF inoculant/plant and compost at doses of 5 or 7.5 and 10 or 15 kg/plant, respectively, while the MHB liquid inoculant concentrations were 10 mL and 100 mL, respectively. The control plants were not treated with AMF, MHB, or compost. The AMF and MHB inoculants combined with compost reduced leaf and root damage, but increased the degree of AMF infection in the roots of JP and MP. The nematode populations in roots and shoots of treated JP were reduced by 48.7-74.5% and 56.0 80.5%, respectively; in mature plants, the reductions ranged from 40.5 to 74.4% in roots and 44.0 to 75.4% in the soil. These results suggest that AMF, MHB, and compost effectively reduced P. coffeae infection in Arabica coffee plants under field conditions.Item Free radical scavenging activity-based antioxidant analysis and infrared spectroscopy of peppermint-flavored coffee drink(Editora UFLA, 2024-12-05) Kustyawati, Maria Erna; Nurdin, Samsu Udayana; Thaliarinanta, Angela SarazPeppermint essential oil canserve as a healthy flavoring additive to coffee drinks and provide health benefits by enhancing their antioxidant activity. Hence, this study aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of peppermint-flavored coffee drinks using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy was performed to investigate the profile of compounds contributing to the antioxidant property. The experiments were conducted using a Complete Randomized Block Design with six replications. Two-factor treatments were as follows: soaking time (S), 0 (S0), 5 (S1), and 10 (S2) min; peppermint essential oil concentration (E), 0 (E0), 0.5 (E1), and 0.75% (E2) (v/v). N otably, both DPPH and ABTS assays revealed increased antioxidant activity of peppermint-flavored coffee drink where the coffee was soaked for 10 min in 0.75% peppermint solution. The coffee soaked for 10 min in 0.5% and 0.75% peppermint solutions showed a high scavenging effect against ABTS free radical, with 93.73 and 94.30% inhibition activity and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 0.272 and 0.267 ppm, respectively. Additionally, a new peak was observed at 1640 cm−1in peppermint solution-soaked coffee beans,which corresponded tothe C=C functional group in the limonene spectrum, an antioxidant compound in peppermint. Altogether, the findings show that peppermint essential oil enhanced the antioxidant activity of the coffee.Item Characterization in populations of Coffea arabica L. for resistance to CBD using molecular markers(Editora UFLA, 2024-09-24) López-Monsalve, Luisa F.; Quiroga-Cardona, Julio; López, Natalia Arango; Ramírez-Cardona, Carlos A.; Flórez-Ramos, Claudia P.Coffee berry disease (CBD) is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum kahawae Waller and Bridge. This disease is restricted to the African continent, where it can cause production losses of more than 80% when susceptible varieties are used or when the indicated chemical control is not carried out. For this reason, since 1970, Cenicafé has developed lines resistant to this disease in the absence of the pathogen, a process that has been favored by the discovery and validation of microsatellite markers associated with the Ck-1 gene for resistance to CBD. In this research, 12 populations of Coffea arabica were characterized for their resistance to CBD using the molecular markers Sat235, Sat207 and FR34-6CTG. The molecular markers allowed us to identify that the same allelic form of resistance to CBD is present in lines derived from Timor Hybrid CIFC 1343 (HdT CIFC 1343). Furthermore, the allelic form of resistance associated with the three molecular markers was identified in one line derived from Coffea canephora. In lines derived from Caturra x HdT CIFC 1343 it was evident that, when the plants present the allelic forms of resistance identified by the molecular markers, high percentages of hypocotyls resistant to different isolates of C. kahawae are observed in the progeny.Item Effect of demucilagination and soaking in water with organic acids on the microbial, chemical, and sensory characteristics of coffee (Coffea arabica)(Editora UFLA, 2024-04-30) Ponce, Jorge Alfredo Cardona; Mejía, Luis Fernando MaldonadoThere are divided opinions regarding sensory quality of mechanically demucilaginated (MD) coffee versus coffee that has undergone conventional fermentation (biological demucilagination). Fermenting and washing (wet process) requires high amounts of water that has contaminating effects upon its completion. Studies indicate that MD with soaking in organic acids could develop similar sensory quality to wet processed coffee. Organic acids are bioactive compounds that are naturally produced during conventional fermentation, which is why coffee has unique characteristics in the final cup profile. This study was conducted to assess the effects of soaking with organic acids (citric, ascorbic, and acetic) on the microbial, chemical, and sensory attributes of MD coffee. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, with a factorial arrangement (2×4+2) for a total of 10 treatments. The treatments were two soaking times (24 and 48 hours) and four soaking solutions (citric, ascorbic, acetic acid and water) in coffee with mechanical demucilagination, one treatment with mechanical demucilagination and one with fermentation and washing, both without soaking or acids. Microbiological counts of fungi, yeasts, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were carried out before and after soaking. Sensory characteristics were evaluated through cupping and chemical content and properties were studied by liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. Microbial population demonstrated normal succession throughout the experiment with LAB been the most prevalent family during MD and fermentation. Soaking coffee in acid solutions maintained overall cupping scores with different attributes being detected by panelists. Phenolic compounds, caffeine and chlorogenic acids increased in soaked samples (acetic acid) but were similar to the control (fermentation). Flavonoid content ranged from 22 to 35 mg EC/g and was higher in samples soaked in acids compared to the controls. Green coffee extracts in general showed antioxidant activities greater than 80.9% comparable to other studies. Soaking time did not improve the quality characteristics of the coffee, but the type of acid used was able to modify the content and proportion of various families of chlorogenic acids in green coffee and total polyphenols, while maintaining sensory properties in comparison to fermented coffee.Item Influence of filter holder materials on the physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of coffee beverages(Editora UFLA, 2024-09-19) Santos, Wallysson Wagner Vilela; Oliveira, Rodrigo Lira de; Silva, Marcelo Edvan dos Santos; Lucena, Rodrigo Mendonça de; Silva, Suzana Pedroza daCoffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world, and this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different manufacturing materials of Koar® filter holders (acrylic, stainless steel, ceramic, and porcelain) on the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of coffee beverages. The results showed that despite having similar design features (such as outlet diameter, grooves, and angle), the material of each Koar filter significantly affected the extraction dynamics of coffee components, resulting in beverages with distinct physicochemical compositions and antioxidant activities. Through multivariate statistical analysis, similarities were identified between the filter materials and the parameters evaluated. In general, coffee extracts obtained from acrylic and ceramic filters exhibited higher values of total phenolics, ABTS antioxidant capacity, reducing sugars, total soluble solids, and extraction percentage. In addition, coffee drinks from stainless steel and porcelain filters presented higher values of total titratable acidity, electrical conductivity, DPPH antioxidant capacity, and caffeine content. Understanding the effects of different filter materials on coffee extraction can contribute to optimizing brewing methods and enhancing consumer satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of careful selection of filter holder material to ensure different sensory profiles of coffee beverages, providing valuable information for the industry and coffee enthusiasts.Item Physicochemical and sensory profile of commercial wine coffee in the Gayo Highlands, Indonesia(Editora UFLA, 2024-06-13) Muzaifa, Murna; Abubakar, Yusya; Nilda, CutThe Gayo Highlands is one of the largest Arabica coffee producing areas in Indonesia. Wine coffee processing is currently very popular in the Gayo High-lands. This study aims to determine of physicochemical and sensory characteristics of commercial wine coffee in Gayo Highlands. Samples were obtained from active wine coffee producers in Central Aceh and Bener Meriah. Analysis was carried out on coffee beans and brewing, including analysis of bean size, moisture content, color, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total phenolic content (TPC), and cupping quality. The results found that Gayo arabica wine coffee has a medium size, moisture content of 8.53%-11.67%, and yellow to brown color. Physicochemical characteristics of brewed wine coffee also showed varying results. The pH of coffee wine brewing ranges from 4.68 to 4.95, TDS 3.93 to 4.5 oBrix, and TPC 12.82 to 30 GAE mg/g. Sensory analysis was conducted using the cupping test method. The cupping score of wine coffee on each attribute varied, except body and sweetness. The wine coffee aroma obtained was 6 (good) to 7.75 (very good), wine coffee flavor 6 (good) to 7.5 (very good), wine coffee aftertaste 6 (good) to 7.0 (very good), wine coffee acidity 6 (good) to 7.0 (very good), wine coffee balance 6 (good) to 6.75 (good), overall wine coffee 6 (good) to 7 (very good). Specific fruit aroma charac-teristics that dominated the coffee wine were pineapple, banana, passion fruit, lemon/lime, and berries. Aroma characteristics related to fermentation, namely winey, vinegar, overripe, and soury were detected in all wine coffee samples. Further research is needed to analyze the more complex chemical components of wine coffee (volatile and non-volatile) and their correlation with brewing quality to obtain more comprehensive scientific information on wine coffee quality.Item Nutrient content and cutting anatomy can affect the production of Conilon clonal plantlets(Editora UFLA, 2024-09-19) Bazoni, Patricia Alves; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Araújo, Larissa Fatarelli Bento de; Vasconcelos, Jaqueline Martins; Giuriatto Júnior, Jurandyr José Ton; Campanharo, MarcelaCutting is the main vegetative propagation method used to produce Coffea canephora plantlets. In this method, the nutritional quality of the vegetative propagule (stem cuttings) is one of the determining factors for the rooting speed and the final quality of the plantlets. Thus, the objective in this study was to verify possible variations in nutrient content and anatomical characteristics in cuttings collected at different times of the year and their relationship with the production of Coffea canephora clonal plantlets. The study was divided into two phases: 1) Nutritional composition and anatomy of C. canephora cuttings grown at different times; 2) Production of C. canephora seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The treatments consisted of cuttings collection and plantlets production at different times of the year: January, May and September 2017. We observed that there is seasonal variation for the content of N, P, K and Mg; and anatomical changes in xylem, phloem and vascular cylinder thickness in cuttings harvested at different times of the year. We conclude that although nutritional and anatomical aspects of the vegetative propagule may result in different vegetative growth rates of C. canephora clonal plantlets, this result is more dependent on the management of the nursery environment conditions, especially temperature and relative air humidity.Item Armazenamento de grãos de café cereja descascado em ambiente refrigerado(Revista Engenharia na Agricultura, 2009-08-19) Rigueira, Roberta Jimenez de Almeida; Lacerda Filho, Adílio Flauzino de; Volk, Marcus Bochi da Silva; Cecon, Paulo RobertoA redução da temperatura da massa de grãos, abaixo de 15 ºC tem sido eficiente para reduzir a atividade de água dos grãos e, consequentemente, a atividade de insetos e de fungos. Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, resfriar a massa dos grãos de café (Coffea arabica L.) cereja descascado, por meio de ar à temperatura ambiente e ar refrigerado. Foram usados grãos de café cereja em pergaminho, com teor de água de 12 ± 0,061% b.u.. Utilizou-se um experimento em parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas um esquema fatorial 3 x 7 e, nas subparcelas, sete avaliações, com três repetições. Adotaram-se três condições de armazenamento (à 15 e 25 °C e em armazém convencional à temperatura ambiente) e sete intervalos de tempo de armazenagem (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias). Avaliaram-se possíveis alterações dos grãos em função das diferentes condições de armazenamento durante um intervalo de tempo, para as variáveis cor, tipo e bebida do café, contaminação por microrganismos, teor de água, peso de mil grãos, cinzas, nitrogênio total, teor de proteína (proteína bruta), potássio total, potássio lixiviado, fenol e condutividade elétrica. Concluiu-se que o método de resfriamento foi eficaz na preservação e conservação das características qualitativas iniciais de grãos de café cereja descascado, mantendo a qualidade da bebida, diminuindo a incidência e o desenvolvimento de microrganismos.Item Distribuição e incerteza da erodibilidade em um latossolo vermelho-amarelo húmico sob cultivo de café arábica(Revista Engenharia na Agricultura, 2009-08-19) Silva, Samuel de Assis; Lima, Julião Soares de Souza; Teixeira, Mauri MartinsO objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento espacial da erodibilidade de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo húmico por meio de mapas de distribuição e incerteza utilizando métodos de krigagem. O experimento foi realizado em uma área cultivada com Coffea arabica L. variedade catuaí. O solo foi coletado na camada de 0-0,20 m distribuídos em uma malha amostral, totalizando 50 pontos. Avaliou-se a erodibilidade por meio de modelos indiretos, com base nas frações granulométricas do solo e no teor de matéria orgânica. Os dados foram, inicialmente, submetidos a uma análise descritiva e exploratória. A análise geoestatística foi utilizada sobre o conjunto real de dados e também sobre os dados de erodibilidade após codificação por indicação. Os resultados foram interpolados por krigagem ordinária e krigagem indicativa para a confecção de mapas de distribuição e incertezas. O valor médio de erodibilidade encontra-se acima do tolerado para Latossolos, sendo que na maior proporção da área a probabilidade de encontrar valores de erodibilidade acima do tolerado para Latossolos e maior que 50%, principalmente nas porções mais altas do terreno.Item Qualidade das águas residuárias do processo de armazenagem prévia, por imersão, de frutos do cafeeiro(Revista Engenharia na Agricultura, 2012-11-06) Machado, Marise Cota; Silva, Juarez de Sousa e; Matos, Antonio Teixeira de; Monaco, Paola Alfonsa Vieira LoO armazenamento prévio consiste na manutenção dos frutos do cafeeiro recém-colhidos imersos em água, possibilitando o ajuste entre o volume de frutos colhidos e a capacidade de processamento disponível, sem prejuízo à qualidade final dos grãos. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar algumas características químicas e bioquímicas das águas residuárias geradas no processo, visando avaliar a necessidade de seu tratamento para lançamento em corpos hídricos ou as possibilidades de aproveitamento como fertilizante agrícola.Na geração da água residuária, foram utilizados lotes de frutos de diferentes características e origens, sendo que os períodos de armazenagem avaliados variaram de 1 a 5 dias. As variáveis quantificadas nas águas residuárias foram DBO, DQO e as concentrações de P, N, K e Na. Com base nos resultados obtidos e nas condições estabelecidas para o experimento, pôde-se concluir que a concentração dos nutrientes na água residuária de imersão varia com o estágio de maturação dos frutos e, no geral, com o grau de deterioração do produto, indicando uso potencial para fertirrigação de culturas agrícolas.