Biblioteca do Café
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Item Bioactive Diterpenes and Serotonin Amides in Cold-Pressed Green Coffee Oil (Coffea arabica L.)(Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2024-02-09) Silva, Rodrigo M. V.; Brand, Ana Laura M.; Tinoco, Natalia A. B.; Freitas, Suely P.; Rezende, Claudia M.Cold pressing is an environment-friendly mechanical extraction for oils from seeds. In this work, cold-pressed green Arabica coffee oil was investigated related to the influence of the pressing variables (preheating, exit diameter, screw speed, and particle size) on the chemical oil composition, mainly on the diterpenes and, for the first time in the scientific literature, on the content of serotonin amides (N-alkanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamides (Cn-5HT)). The oil yield from screw pressing varied from 2.65 to 6.27%, with major yields obtained as the size of the particle and temperature increased. Soxhlet extraction produced 9.46 ± 0.04% of oil. The fatty acid content of the oils varied from 32.79 to 33.49% and showed no significant difference among the different pressing conditions. The amount of the diterpenes kahweol and cafestol ranged from 13.33 to 16.72 mg g-1 and 37.11 to 47.14 mg g 1 of oil, respectively, summing 50.44 to 63.86 mg g 1 of diterpenes. The total content of Cn-5HTs ranged from 307.92 to 1716.52 µg g 1, being 114.42 to 577.37 µg g 1 for arachidic acid-5-hydroxytryptamide, (C20-5HT) and 193.50 to 1068.08 µg g 1 for behenic acid-5-hydroxytryptamide (C22-5HT) in oil, the most abundant in coffee bean. From the 16 cold press treatments, six conditions showed significant amounts of these compounds. Aspects related to the biological activity and relevance of coffee lipid diterpenes and Cn-5HTs are discussed.Item Soil moisture space-time analysis to support improved crop management(Editora UFLA, 2015) Silva, Bruno Montoani; Santos, Walbert Junior Reis dos; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Lima, José Maria de; Curi, Nilton; Marques, João JoséThe knowledge of the water content in the soil profile is essential for an efficient management of crop growth and development. This work aimed to use geostatistical techniques in a spatio-temporal study of soil moisture in an Oxisol in order to provide that information for improved crop management. Data were collected in a coffee crop area at São Roque de Minas, in the upper São Francisco River basin, MG state, Brazil. The soil moisture was measured with a multi-sensor capacitance (MCP) probe at 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 60- and 100-cm depths between March and December, 2010. After adjusting the spherical semivariogram model using ordinary least squares, best model, the values were interpolated by kriging in order to have a continuous surface relating depth x time (CSDT) and the soil water availability to plant (SWAP). The results allowed additional insight on the dynamics of soil water and its availability to plant, and pointed to the effects of climate on the soil water content. These results also allowed identifying when and where there was greater water consumption by the plants, and the soil layers where water was available and potentially explored by the plant root system.Item Productivity and physical quality of grains from Coffea arabica L. in a tropical high-altitude climate in Brazil(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-11-19) Martins, Adriana Novais; Turco, Patricia Helena Nogueira; Araújo, Humberto Sampaio de; Firetti, RicardoThe coffee plant is extremely important for Brazilian agribusiness as it generates foreign exchange earnings and employment throughout the production chain. In this study, we evaluated the production and parameters related to the quality of 18 Coffea arabica L. cultivars grafted onto the Apoatã IAC 2258 cultivar, in seven consecutive harvests. The experiment was installed in 2014 and carried out for seven harvests, in Fazenda Recreio in the municipality of Vera Cruz, state of São Paulo, Brazil. We used a randomised block design (DBC), with three experimental replications, which were conducted in 54 plots. We analysed productivity, yield, and grain size parameters. The data were evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the mean values were used to conduct the Scott-Knott and Tukey test. The results showed that in all the cycles, the characteristics evaluated showed significant differences among the cultivars. The ratio between the residual mean squares of the analysis of variance was less than 7:1 for all the characteristics evaluated, which allowed us to compare the seven harvests with each other. The cultivars IPR 100, Obatã IAC 1669–20, IPR 107 and IAC 125 RN performed the best, as determined by the parameters evaluated, and thus, we recommend these cultivars for growing coffee tropical high-altitude climate in Brazil.Item Post-harvest of coffee: factors that influence the final quality of the beverage(Revista Engenharia na Agricultura, 2022-04-27) Silva, Camilla Sena da; Coelho, Ana Paula de Freitas; Lisboa, Cristiane Fernandes; Vieira, Gerival; Teles, Maria Carolina de AbreuBrazil is the world’s largest producer and exporter of coffee and the second largest consumer market. Brazil offer differentiated and high quality products to maintain its leading position in coffee production and export. However, Brazilian coffee has suffered some limitations in its commercialization in the international market, due to qualitative aspects. The development of taste and aroma is highly complex, since hundreds of chemical reactions take place at the same time, such as the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, trigonelline and chlorogenic acid, mainly in the roasting process. Then, it is necessary that, in addition to pre-harvest management, there are post-harvest practices that meet consumer demands regarding the final quality of the beverage. Studies on physical and chemical changes in the composition of coffee beans must continue to be performed in a comprehensive manner, since factors such as damage to coffee beans, drying methods, processing, storage time, type of packaging and chemical components are directly related to sensorial properties and thus define the quality of the beverage at this point of view. Thus, the objective of this review was to relate the physicochemical, biochemical and physiological characteristics of coffee beans after harvest with the quality of the product after roasting.Item Mudas propagadas vegetativamente de Coffea arabica tratadas com extratos de algas(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-07-28) Azevedo, Harianna Paula Alves de; Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos; Carvalho, Samuel Pereira; Melo, Paulo CésarA cafeicultura é de suma importância para todo o mundo. No Brasil, destacou-se econômica e socialmente desde a chegada das primeiras mudas e sementes. Com boa e rápida adaptação ao solo e clima, o café brasileiro tomou grandes proporções na balança comercial internacional. Porém, com as mudanças nos hábitos do consumidor, se tem buscado alternativas para os cultivos mais sustentáveis. Uma opção para esses cultivos é o uso de bioestimulantes que são de origem natural, como os extratos de algas. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de café arábica propagadas assexuadamente, quando tratadas com extratos de algas. O trabalho foi composto por dois experimentos independentes, conduzidos no Setor de Cafeicultura do Departamento de Agricultura, utilizando de mudas pré-formadas propagadas assexuadamente, da cultivar Mundo Novo. O primeiro foi estabelecido em delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com quatro dosagens (0; 2,5; 5 e 10 mL.L-¹) de extratos das algas Ascophyllum nodosum, Lithothamnium ssp. e Kappaphicus spp. O segundo experimento foi estabelecido em blocos casualizados, testando a mistura desses extratos na dose de 5 mL.L-¹. Em ambos foram avaliadas a altura do broto, área foliar, matéria seca foliar, matéria seca do caule, número de folhas, níveis relativos de clorofilas a, b e total, condutância estomática foliar, densidade e funcionalidade estomática. Para as avaliações radiculares determinou-se a massa seca da raiz, comprimento, volume e área superficial radicular, e o diâmetro da raiz. Para a dose de 5 mL.L-¹ houve melhores resultados para os três extratos de algas, Ascophyllum nodosum e Lithothamnium ssp. com os melhores resultados para as principais características de parte aérea. Houve resultados satisfatórios para Ascophyllum nodosum e Lithothamnium ssp. no enraizamento na dose de 5 a 10 mL.L-¹. Para Kappaphicus spp. o efeito foi negativo. As combinações dos extratos de algas não exercem efeito em mudas de café arábica.Item Polymorphic information content of SSR markers for Coffea spp.(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2010) Caixeta, Eveline Teixera; Missio, Robson Fernando; Zambolim, Eunize Maciel; Zambolim, Laércio; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Sakiyama, Ney SussumuThirty-three coffee SSR primers from enriched genomic library with (GT)15 and (AGG)10 repeats were analyzed in 24 coffee tree accessions. Twenty-two primers were polymorphic among accessions; the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 13, with the mean number of 5.1 alleles per primer. PIC values ranged from 0.08 to 0.79. The highest mean PIC values were found for C. canephora (0.46), and the lowest values for C. arabica (0.22) and triploids (0.22) accessions. The polymorphic SSR markers used in this study were useful for genetic fingerprinting in the coffee tree, especially in the C. canephora and the leaf rust resistant arabica cultivars.Item Potential of Metarhizium from soils and rhizosphere of diversified coffee systems in insect suppression and its indirect effect on a coffee pest through endophytic association(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-10-18) Franzin, Mayara Loss; Venzon, Madelaine; Elliot, Simon Luke; Fadini, Marcos Antonio Matiello; Moreira, Camila CostaDiversified crop systems enhance ecosystem services, such as pest biological control, via attraction and maintenance of entomophagous, and improve soil chemical and biological characteristics. Soil entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium spp., are also benefit in diversified systems, because these systems reduce direct soil irradiation and increase soil humid. The fungi of this genera are important microbial control agents of insect pests, which made them an important tool to pest management. Besides, this genus is also considered as endophytic, colonizing roots of plants, increasing plant growth and promoting protection against pests. Here, we designed a strategic diversified coffee system in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais, by the associating coffee with plants that attract natural enemies, and investigated the effects of such diversification in the Metarhizium conservation in soil. Coffee was associated with trees of Inga edulis (Fabaceae) and Senna macranthera (Fabaceae) and perennial bushes of Varronia curassavica (Cordiaceae). Non-crop plants were maintained between coffee rows, except before the coffee harvesting, as they can provide food resources for predators and parasitoids. As control, we designed plots with conventional coffee monoculture, with the standard conventional use of pesticides. In Chapter 1, we evaluated Metarhizium activity and density, soil chemical characteristics and enzymatic activity from diversified and conventional soil of coffee systems over time. We estimated the coffee yield in both coffee systems by measuring the volume of coffee fruits per plant and the weight of 100 fruits. The activity and density of Metarhizium spp. was assessed using the bait survival technique with Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as bait, and plating soil suspensions on to solid selective media for counts of colony-forming units (CFU), respectively. Twelve months after experiment starts, bait insects died two times faster due to Metarhizium spp. in the diversified than in the conventional coffee systems, while the density of Metarhizium spp. was also higher in the diversified. Beta-glycosidase activity was greater in the diversified coffee system, indicating more organic matter decomposition and carbon cycle in this coffee system. Furthermore, there was no difference of volume of fruit between coffee systems, however, the weight of 100 fruits was higher in diversified system in 2021. In Chapter 2, we investigatedMetarhizium spp. rhizosphere association with plant roots from diversified and conventional coffee system. We used the same protocols of Chapter 1 to evaluated Metarhizium activity and density. Both were higher in soil and roots samples from diversified than conventional system. We isolated Metarhizium spp. from I. edulis, V. Curassavica, S. macranthera, Gnaphalium spicatum, Conyza bonariensis, Solanum Americanum, Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Sida cordifolia and coffee plants of diversified coffee system. In Chapter 3, we investigate whether Metarhizium robertsii and Metarhizium brunneum, isolated from coffee roots from diversified coffee system in Cerrado, improve coffee seedlings growth and indirectly protect them against the coffee leaf miner (CLM) Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). We recovered Metarhizium spp. from most of coffee seedling roots, indicating that these fungi can colonize coffee roots by soil drench. We found that M. robertsii increased the leaf area of coffee seedlings. Besides, the plants inoculated with Metarhizium isolates had lower percentage of mined leaf area and the development time of CLM was higher in these plants. Therefore, in this thesis we showed that strategic plant diversification in coffee crops increases density and activity of Metarhizium, soil enzymatic activity and coffee yield over time. Besides, M. brunneum and M. robertsii have potential to use as inoculates of coffee seedlings, because the plants inoculated with them isolates showed lower CLM damage. Therefore, strategic plant diversification in coffee systems can be an alternative to monocultures, improving soil quality and coffee yield.Item Physical and sensorial quality of arabica coffee cultivars submitted to two types of post-harvesting processing(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-04-17) Alixandre, Ricardo Dias; Alixandre, Fabiano Tristão; Lima, Paula Aparecida Muniz de; Fornazier, Maurício José; Krohling, Cesar Abel; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do; Guarçoni, Rogério Carvalho; Dias, Rodrigo da Silva; Venturini, Cassio de Faria; Macette, Higor Alixandre; Zandonadi, Cecília Uliana; Viçosi, David BrunelliThe growing demand for better quality coffees has driven changes in the coffee production chain, mainly through the adoption of new technologies and management. Thus, this work was carried out aiming to evaluate the physical and sensorial quality of Arabica coffee cultivars, submitted to natural and pulped post-harvesting processing. The experiment was carried out following a randomized block design with three replications, in a split-plot scheme, with the plots consisting of five cultivars (Catucaí 2 SL, Catucaí 24/137, Catuaí IAC 44, Arara and Acauã); and the subplots by two processes, pulped and natural cherry. The harvest was carried out manually, harvesting the cherry fruits (ripe) in a sieve. The coffees were processed by the natural and pulped cherry methods. Drying was carried out on a covered suspended terrace, until the grains reached 11% ± 1 moisture (wet basis, bu). The following evaluations were carried out: sensorial analysis of the beverage according to the SCAA methodology, analysis of grain sieves according to the Official Brazilian Coffee Classification Protocol. The results show that all evaluated cultivars have a great potential for the production of specialty coffees in that studied environment. Differences were observed between cultivars both in the sensory quality of the beverage and in the grain size. Cultivar Arara presents a general average of final beverage grade higher than the other cultivars.Item Sensory Assessment of Gayo arabica coffee taste based on various varieties and manual brewing devices(Editora UFLA, 2021) Fadhil, Rahmat; Nurba, Diswandi; Sukmawati, ElyaArabica coffee (Coffea arabica) becomes one of the most in-demand types by the community due to its typical taste. The material needed in this study was Gayo Arabica coffee (full wash) obtained from farmers in Bener Meriah, Aceh Province of Indonesia and specially ordered. The right method and coffee brewing device are needed to obtain this typical taste of coffee. One of the coffee brewing methods that keeps developing until now is the manual brewing method. This study aims to find the sensory assessment of Gayo Arabica coffee taste in various varieties with manual brewing devices by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Manual brewing devices used were Vietnam Drip, French Press, V60, Eva Solo, and Filter, while the chosen va rieties are Tim-tim (Gayo 1), Bor-bor (Gayo 2), and P88. The study result showed that based on the preference of product acceptance by the panelists, the most chosen criteria of taste sensory were flavor (0.253), followed by aftertaste (0.222), sweetness (0204), acidity (0.165), and body (0.155). The variety chosen as the best variety with manual brewing was Tim-tim in various manual brewing devices, which are V60 (0.156), French Press (0146), and Eva Solo (0.140). The next alternatives brewing devices were Vietnam Drip (0.127) and Filter (0.109). Thus, it could be concluded that flavor is the top priority that influences Gayo Arabica coffee’s taste. Therefore, Tim-tim with manual brewing devices (V60, French Press, and Eva Solo) is preferred over other varieties in this study. This finding also becomes a recommendation that the variety for the best serving of Gayo Arabica coffee brew with the most preferred taste with manual brewing devices is Tim-tim.Item Sensory analysis and mid-infrared spectroscopy for discriminating roasted specialty coffees(Editora UFLA, 2021) Debona, Danieli Grancieri; Oliveira, Emanuele Catarina da Silva; Caten, Carla Schwengber ten; Guarçoni, Rogério Carvalho; Moreira, Taís Rizzo; Pereira, Lucas Louzada; Moreli, Aldemar PoloniniIn general, the process of roasting coffee uses a rotated fix drum or fluidized bed. Theoretically, the fluidized bed can provide more homogenous roastings throughout the process. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the sensorial and chemical attributes for two different coffees submitted to three roasting profiles using fluidized bed roaster. The coffees were roasted for a high temperature for a short time (HTST), medium temperature for a medium time (MTMT), and low temperature for a long time (LTLT). Sensory analysis was performed on the roasted coffees according to the SCA methodology and chemical analy sis through mid-infrared spectroscopy. The results of sensory analysis indicated a preference for MTMT roasting for coffee grown at high altitude and HTST roasting for coffee grown at low altitude. Chemically, coffees show that LTLT and MTMT roasts are most distant from each other in their chemical com position when roasting low altitude coffee, whereas the HTST and MTMT roasts are the most distant from each other when roasting high altitude coffee.