Biblioteca do Café
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Item Clonal cutting production by Coffea canephora mother plants under increasing nitrogen doses(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2024-12-16) Kolln, Alana Mara; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Araújo, Larissa Fatarelli Bento de; Campanharo, Marcela; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Giuriatto Júnior, Jurandyr José TonThis study aimed to establish production curves of cuttings for Coffea canephora coffee plants in response to nitrogen doses. A clonal garden of the botanical variety Robusta was used to evaluate the effects of seven nitrogen doses divided into four applications. The subplots corresponded to two evaluation periods: January and June 2019. The following traits were evaluated: number of stems, number of viable cuttings, number of cuttings per stem, cutting fresh and dry mass, and cutting macronutrient contents. The results showed that C. canephora produced a higher amount of vegetative mass and propagules during the period from September to January compared to the period from January to June. Nutrient concentrations in the tissues varied with the period of the year due to soil nutrient availability and the amount of accumulated dry mass. Increasing nitrogen doses resulted in higher vegetative and propagules mass associated to higher nitrogen and potassium concentrations in the cuttings; but had no effect on phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur contents. Nutrient contents in the cuttings followed the order K>N>Ca>P>Mg>S regardless of the applied nitrogen dose.Item Fruit and bean traits of the Coffea canephora genotypes most grown in western Amazon(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2024-11-25) Lopes Júnior, Hilton; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Silva, Adriele Nunes Rodrigues; Moraes, Amanda de Oliveira; Alves, Enrique Anastácio; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro LaraThe objective of this work was to quantify the genetic diversity and selection gains regarding the physical traits of the fruits and beans of the 86 Coffea canephora clones most grown in western Amazon. The clones were evaluated as to the effects of genotypes (G), years (Y), and the GxY interaction. Genetic progress was quantified considering combined selection and direct selection for coffee bean weight. Although there was a GxY interaction, based on repeatability estimates the plants presented a similar performance over time. A positive correlation was observed between fruit and bean weight, except for some genotypes, such as R22, AS5, and 'BRS 3210', which presented larger beans and smaller fruit, and as BG180, P42, LB60, G20, and N12, with larger fruit and smaller beans. Using selection for the main trait, the estimates of genetic progress were similar to those obtained through different selection indexes, through which 14 genotypes with a higher bean weight were selected. The evaluated C. canephora clones exhibit high genetic diversity for the selection of plants with higher grain mass.Item Yield Stability of Indonesian Coffee Production - Comparison Between Arabica and Robusta(Editora UFLA, 2025-06-03) Ma'ruf, Muhammad Imam; Bacsi, Zsuzsanna; Hollósy, Zsolt; Kamaruddin, Citra Ayni; Astuty, SriCoffee is a significant commodity in Indonesia, and the two most widely cultivated coffee species are Arabica and Robusta. This study aims to compare the yield stability of Arabica and Robusta coffee in Indonesia, and the performance of regions from the viewpoint of yield stability. Using the Yield Stability Index, the study measures yield stability over a 10-year period (2011-2020) using data from Directorate General of Estates, Ministry of Agriculture. Results show, that the two coffee varieties considerably differ in their stabilities, and the stability of yields across regions also show large discrepancies. While Robusta yields were stable in all the 33 analyzed regions, though to a different extent, for Arabica, produced in 20 regions, only 4 could produce stable yields. The yield stability of Indonesian coffee is influenced by a complex interplay of environmental factors, agronomic, and socio-economic factors. Mitigating these yield stability challenges requires a multifaceted approach.Item Performance of Chitosan Beads after treatment with spent coffee grounds for the adsorption of methylene blue(Editora UFLA, 2024-10-11) Nugraheni, Ari Dwi; Nurmayasari; SholihunSpent coffee grounds are one of the ingredients that are abundantly available today and can be used as a crosslinking material with other materials. The objective of this work was chitosan (CS) beads and treatment spent coffee grounds (TCG) made into beads to determine their ability to adsorb methylene blue (MB). The ratios of CS to TCG (by weight) were varied to make beads with the following composition: 1:0 (CS), 1:1 (CS/TCG 3%), 1:2 (CS/TCG 6%), and 1:3 (CS/TCG 9%). Glutaraldehyde crosslinking was performed to increase the stability of the beads in water; these beads were used to test the capacity to adsorb MB. The beads of different compositions were assessed using several techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The results of the morphological analysis showed that adding TCG resulted in the formation of more pores and cavities in each sample. It enhances its effectiveness as an adsorbent. Analysis of the composition of TCG via XRF showed the presence of a carbon atom, a precursor of activated carbon. The FTIR spectrum indicated that functional groups played a crucial role in adsorption. The UV-Vis results showed that the degradation percentage increased with an increase in the weight ratio of CS/TCG beads. The CS beads treated with TCG could be used to adsorb MB for up to seven repetitions, with an adsorption percentage of 87.8%.Therefore, it is concluded that the measured CS/TCG data were numerically fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich models to analyze the adsorption isotherm behavior.Item Unraveling the genetic diversity of coffee processing traits in Coffea canephora(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2024-08-26) Silva, Adriele Nunes Rodrigues; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Moraes, Amanda de Oliveira; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Alves, Enrique AnastácioWith advancements in coffee cultivation, several traits may be considered in selection of plants, which must exhibit a set of favorable characteristics. The outturn index, defined as the relationship between the mass of mature fruit and processed beans, emerges as a key factor influencing productivity. This study characterized the outturn over two harvests of 57 clones marketed in the public domain and 10 registered cultivars. The analysis considers the effects of genotypes, measurements, and genetic progress achieved through plant selection. According to the maturation cycle of each clone, washed samples of cherry coffee were collected considering a completely randomized factorial design for characterization of the effects of genotypes, years, and the genotype × years (GY) interaction. The drying, peeling, and the outturn index were individually assessed. Despite the significant effects of the GY interaction, genotypes demonstrated minimal alterations in their ranking across measurements. Clones with higher outturn, including LB30, BRS1216, LB12, N7, LB10, LB20, BRS3220, and AS5, exhibited an average outturn of 25.51%, reflecting a gain of 12.17%. Conversely, clones with lower outturn, such as BG180, GJ30, GJ20, AS7, AS10, P42, N1, and P60, had an average of 19.15%, indicating a reduction of 14.02% compared to the general mean. Analyzing the distribution of the outturn values, 19.4%, 62.7%, and 17.9% of genotypes were classified as high, medium, and low outturn, respectively, providing valuable insights for optimal cultivation strategies.Item In vitro pollination and fluorescence microscopy for characterization of gametophytic selfincompatibility of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2021-11-20) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos; Lopes, Tatiane Almeida; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Espindula, Marcelo CuritibaThe objectives of this study were to optimize in vitro pollination and fluorescence microscopy procedures to characterize the gametophytic selfincompatibility of Coffea canephora genotypes. For that purpose, 115 in vitro pollinations were carried out among 30 parent plants of the Conilon (17) and Robusta (13) botanical varieties. Tester plants of compatibility groups I, II, and III were used as pollen grain donors. On the day of anthesis, pollen grains of the donor genotypes were transferred in vitro to one of the sides of the bifid stigma of each receptor flower. After 30 hours, the development of the pollen tubes was evaluated in fluorescence microscopy. Eleven genotypes (37%) were classified in compatibility Group I, thirteen (43%) in Group II, and six (20%) in Group III. In vitro pollination allowed reduction in the time necessary to diagnose compatibility, without exhibiting contamination caused by the presence of pollen grains of non-donor plants.Item Factor analysis for plant and production variables in Coffea canephorain the Western Amazon(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-06-09) Silva, Gabi Nunes; Barroso, Laís Mayara Azevedo; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Ferreira, Fábio MedeirosThe evaluation of morphological characters related to the hulled coffee yield subsidizes the selection of Coffea canephora plants that combine a set of favorable traits. However, the greater the number of traits considered, the more difficult the selection process becomes. In this context, multivariate analyzes can be useful to overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to identify, in a set of agronomic traits of Coffea canephora, the determining factors of biological phenomena and use these factors to recognize patterns of diversity and similarity from biological complexes of interest to the breeder. To this, eleven morphological descriptors were evaluated of 130 clones of the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta and intervarietal hybrids over two crop years in the experimental field of Embrapa, in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, state of Rondônia (RO). To group the traits, the multivariate technique of Factor Analysis was used. The effect of genotype x year interaction was significant for the eleven traits analyzed. Based on the scree plot, three factors were established. Factors were interpreted as architecture, vigor and grains with a satisfactory percentage of explained variability. The inter-pretation of the factors highlighted the importance of the Conilon variety to improve the architecture of the Robusta botanical variety. These results show that it is possible to use factor scores to identify varieties and traits that favor higher production of hulled coffee.Item Classification of Coffea canephora clones in botanical varieties by discriminant analysis of the k-nearest neighbors(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2021-11-08) Souza, Marciléia Santos; Ferreira, Fábio Medeiros; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Lopes, Maria Teresa Gomes; Oliveira, Leilane Nicolino LamarãoA strategy for genetic improvement of coffee Coffea canephora plants is to aggregate through artificial crossings the characteristics of the Conilon botanical variety, such as shorter height and drought resistance, with the higher average grain size and resistance to pests and diseases of the Robusta variety. Efficiently separating the clones into these two groups with the aid of appropriate analytical procedures makes field tasks easier for professionals and, thus, allows the systematic production of intervarietal hybrids. This study verifies if the non-parametric discriminant analyzes of the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and k-average neighbors (k-AN) would be able to correctly classify 130 coffee clones in their botanical varieties previously designated as Conilon, Robusta and Intervarietal Hybrids populations from ten quantitative agronomic characteristics, including the processed coffee beans yield, considering the existing population genetic divergence. These characteristics were found to be good discriminatory variables and the discriminant analyzes k-NN and k-AN, based on the principle of similarity by neighborhood, classified the clones with high hit rates. The k-AN discriminant analysis was able to better discriminate intervarietal hybrids from the group clones Conilon. The results correctly reflected the genetic diversity between the botanical varieties and intervarietal hybrids of Coffea canephora, allowing us to conclude that these classification methods can assist breeders in the main task of discriminating Conilon from Robusta clones.Item Post-harvest processing of coffee: an overview(Editora UFLA, 2021) Das, SuryatapaCoffee is known as one of the most popular beverages around the world. Coffee belongs to the botanical family Rubiaceae and genus coffea. The two most economically important species are C. arabica (arabica coffee) and C. canephora (robusta coffee).The health benefits of coffee are due to presence of many biologically active components such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid, nicotinic acid, quinolinic acid, trigonelline, tannic acid, and pyrogolic acid. The postharvest processing of coffee cherry involves dry or wet processing, grading, sorting, marketing, blending, and roasting. A series of physical and chemical changes occur during coffee roasting that are responsible for the development of pleasant aroma and flavour of coffee.Item Coffea canephora breeding: estimated and achieved gains from selection in the Western Amazon, Brazil(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2021) Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Ramalho, Andre Rostand; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Lunz, Aureny Maria Pereira; Souza, Flavio de FrançaGain from selection is an important criterion in quantifying the efficiency of breeding programs. This study quantified the selection gain estimated under experimental conditions and realized gain achieved in the field, seeking to interpret the efficiency of the Coffea canephora selection. For that purpose, we considered experiments that began in 2004 with directed hybridizations to obtain new hybrid progenies. From a breeding population composed of 288 hybrid individuals, 12 genotypes were selected in experimental conditions from 2005 to 2012, with amplitude in the estimated gains from 127.70 to−19.19%. Those genotypes were evaluated from 2012 to 2018 in clonal tests in four environments of the Western Amazon. The environment that exhibited the greatest correlation between the predicted genetic values and the realized genetic gain observed in the field was the environment of Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO (0.67), the location in which the plants were selected, followed by the environments of Alta FlorestaD´Oeste, RO (0.44), Rio Branco, AC (0.43), and Porto Velho, RO (0.37). Experimental conditions showed that the effect due to dominance deviations was approximately three times greater than the additive effect. Nine clones exhibited higher genetic gains in the experimental conditions and at field, and two clones exhibited lower estimated gains and lower field performance.The clone G17-P7 exhibited high genetic gain under experimental conditions and low field performance. The selection in experimental conditions was positively correlated with plant performance in the field (r=0.55), which allows reduction of the original breeding population to a set of more promising clones to be grown in multiple environments, optimizing time and resources.