Biblioteca do Café
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Item Predictive model of moisture content in dry parchment coffee beans using near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR)(Editora UFLA, 2025-02-13) Lozano, Kevy Sandrith Ordoñez; Monje, Andrés Felipe Bahamón; Guzman, Nelson GutierrezMoisture content is a key quality parameter in grain storage. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-destructive technique, with fast and simple measurements, that can be a method to implement for monitoring this parameter. The objective of this research was to evaluate the NIRS technique for the prediction of the moisture content of dry samples of dry parchment coffee (DPC), for this it was necessary to carry out the study in different drying times in order to obtain several points of moisture of the grain that could exist, once the spectrum is taken in the FT-NIR, it is taken to the oven so that through the gravimetric method the real moisture of the grain can be known. The Spectrum Quant software was used to develop the predictive mathematical model by means of principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS), using a set of randomly divided data for calibration and validation. The results showed that a better goodness of fit was found with a PLS model and the application of the baseline and second derivative correction, obtaining a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99 and a predictive standard error (SEP) of 0.34. Finding a good correlation between the real data with those estimated by the NIR equipment, emerging a fast and practical way in full-scale monitoring in DPC grain moisture control.Item Colouring of coffee grains related to different relative humidity of the drying air after partial drying(Revista Engenharia na Agricultura, 2020-11-23) Moreira, Rodrigo Victor; Corrêa, Jefferson Luiz GomesChanges in color of coffee grains are indications of occurrence of oxidative processes and biochemical changes, which can alter the taste and aroma precursors of the grains, resulting in lower beverage quality. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the color characteristics of peeled coffee grains subjected to different relative humidity of the drying air after partial drying. Coffee (Coffea arabica) fruits were harvested in the cherry stage and were wet processed. The treatments were the results of the combination of three dry bulb temperatures and three dew point temperatures. The control of dew point temperature was performed only after the grains reach the partial drying. Considering the Tbd of 40 °C - 40 °C, the reduction of the Tpd (2.6 °C) increased the grains bleaching, while the increase of Tpd (16.2 °C) resulted in a more yellowish-red. Tbd of 40 °C - 35 °C and 35 °C - 35 °C are indicated for bluish-green color formation, associated with higher sensory quality. The Color Saturation (C*) of the coffee grains are highly correlated with the b* color parameter, while the tonality (Hue) is negatively correlated with the a* color parameter.Item Steps of cryopreservation of coffee seeds: physiological responses and antioxidant systems(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2023-08-21) Souza, Ana Cristina de; Costa, Marina Chagas; Figueiredo, Madeleine Alves de; Pereira, Cristiane Carvalho; Coelho, Stefânia Vilas Boas; Vilela, Ana Luiza Oliveira; Pereira, Diego de Souza; Rosa, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco daThe cryopreservation of plant germplasm at ultralow temperatures is an alternative technique for the long-term storage of seeds of the genus Coffea sp. However, for this technique to be successful, cell integrity must be maintained at all stages of the process on the basis of scientific research. The present study investigated validated cryopreservation protocols for Coffea arabica L. seeds and evaluate the effects on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the seeds at each stage of the process. Seeds were dried on silica gel or with saturated saline solution, precooled or not in a biofreezer, immersed in nitrogen, and reheated in a water bath. After each of these steps, the physiological and biochemical quality of the seeds was determined. Pre-cooling is a step that can be dispensed with in the cryopreservation of Coffea arabica seeds, direct immersion in liquid nitrogen being more indicated. Coffea arabica L. seeds tolerate cryopreservation after rapid drying in silica gel up to water contents of 17 or 20% (wb), with greater survival at 17%. The enzyme activities of catalase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase are indicators of the quality of C. arabica L. seeds subjected to cryopreservation.Item Microencapsulação por spray drying de leveduras epifíticas do café para inoculação no processo fermentativo(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-13) Martins, Pâmela Mynsen Machado; Schwan, Rosane Freitas; Dias, Disney Ribeiro; Batista, Nádia NaraA comercialização de leveduras na forma líquida não é indicada a longo prazo pois as células perdem a viabilidade. Além disso, há de risco de contaminação e maiores custos com transporte e armazenamento refrigerado. Assim, uma alternativa é a secagem por spray drying. Esta técnica pode ser utilizada de forma contínua e rápida, permitindo altas taxas de produção com baixos custos operacionais. Dito isto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da microencapsulação por spray drying para promoção da secagem e revestimento de três leveduras epifíticas do café: Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCMA0543, Torulaspora delbrueckii CCMA0684 e Meyerozyma caribbica CCMA1738. O trabalho foi dividido em três etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu na avaliação da viabilidade celular das leveduras microencapsuladas em spray dryer de escala laboratorial. As leveduras (109 UFC mL−1 ) foram microencapsuladas separadamente com maltodextrina (15%), maltodextrina (15%) com sacarose (2%) ou maltose (2%). Os resultados indicaram que a viabilidade celular variou entre 94,06 e 97,97%. Após 6 meses, ambas as leveduras armazenadas a 7 °C e 25 °C apresentaram 107 e 10 2 UFC mL −1 , respectivamente. Esta etapa mostrou que foi possível microencapsular as leveduras epifíticas do café por spray drying e que a maltodextrina foi eficiente como material de parede. A segunda etapa consistiu na avaliação do efeito dos parâmetros operacionais no processo de secagem para obtenção de leveduras microencapsuladas em spray dryer de maior escala. A concentração do material de parede e a temperatura de entrada do ar de secagem foram investigadas por meio do Delineamento do Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR). Em seguida, a performance fermentativa das leveduras microencapsuladas foram avaliadas em meio de casca e polpa de café. As leveduras atingiram viabilidade celular e rendimentos de secagem acima de 90 e 50%, respectivamente. Soro de leite em pó manteve a viabilidade celular das três leveduras ao longo de 90 dias de armazenamento à temperatura ambiente (25°C) e foi selecionado como material de parede para as três leveduras. M. caribbica mostrou-se mais sensível à secagem por spray drying e menos resistente ao armazenamento. Algumas diferenças foram encontradas na fermentação, mas as leveduras microencapsuladas mantiveram suas características biotecnológicas. Por fim, a terceira etapa consistiu em comparar os desempenhos fermentativos de leveduras líquidas e microencapsuladas em café fermentados por anaerobiose autoinduzida (SIAF). Após 180 h de fermentação no processo natural, T. delbrueckii microencapsulada (MT) (7,97x107 cel/g) apresentou uma população maior do que T. delbrueckii líquida (FT) (1,76x107 cel/g). O estado da levedura influenciou na concentração dos compostos orgânicos e voláteis. Os cafés inoculados com S. cerevisiae microencapsulada (MS) apresentaram notas dominantes de frutado, caramelo e nozes no processamento natural. Já no café descascado, os cafés inoculados com MT apresentaram caramelo, mel e nozes. Considerando os parâmetros analisados, as leveduras mais indicadas para processamento natural e descascado seriam MS e MT, respectivamente. Como conclusão, as leveduras microencapsuladas por spray drying foram metabolicamente ativas e podem ser consideradas com potencial comercial, principalmente para produtores de café interessados em utilizar culturas iniciadoras durante SIAF.Item Secagem de frutos verdes de café em diferentes temperaturas de bulbo seco e temperatura de ponto de orvalho(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2021-04-18) Cardoso, Danilo Barbosa; Andrade, Ednilton Tavares de; Borém, Flávio MeiraA colheita de café no Brasil é predominantemente não seletiva, pelo método de derriça completa, e pela desigualdade de maturação, acarreta uma grande porção de frutos verdes. Uma das principais etapas do processo de pós-colheita é a secagem e esse deve ser bem estabelecido para esse tipo de fruto, por serem mais sensíveis a essa etapa do processamento. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da secagem em diferentes temperaturas de bulbo seco em combinação com diferentes temperaturas de ponto de orvalho sobre os frutos verdes de café e na qualidade dos grãos. Os frutos verdes foram colhidos de forma manual e seletivamente, e apresentaram em média o teor de água inicial de 2,50 ± 0,08 kg.kg -1 (b.s.). A secagem foi realizada em um secador de camada fixa acoplado a um sistema de ar condicionado composto no qual o ar de secagem foi controlado com um fluxo de ar de 20 m3 min-1 m-2 , a temperaturas usadas foram três temperaturas de bulbo seco (30 °C, 35 °C e 40 °C) em combinação de 4 temperaturas de ponto de orvalho (7,5 °C, 11,2 °C, 16,2 °C e 20,4 °C). Os frutos verdes foram secos de forma contínua até um teor de água médio de 0,139 base seca (b.s.). Foram testados modelos de cinética de secagem aos dados experimentais, avaliados os endospermas dos grãos com a microscopia eletrônica de varredura, analisados a quantidade de defeitos pretos-verdes, alterações na cor, condutividade elétrica dos exsudados dos grãos e quantificação de trigonelina, ácidos clorogênicos e cafeína. O modelo de Andrade foi o que apresentou o melhor ajuste, exceto nos tratamentos com Tbs de 40°C e Tpo de 7,5°C e Tpo de 11,2°C, que foram os modelos de Valcam e Midilli respectivamente. Verificou-se por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) que ocorreram danos nos grãos verdes com o aumento da temperatura e nos grãos pretos-verdes sua estrutura celular sempre está bem degradada independentemente dos tratamentos de secagem realizada. As menores quantidades de defeitos pretos-verdes foram encontradas nas menores temperaturas de secagem, apresentado esses grãos os maiores valores de L* e b*, e menores de a*; também menores valores de condutividade elétrica e de ácidos clorogênicosItem Modeling effectiveness analysis of momentum and heat transfer in a fixed bed silo-dryer through computational fluid-dynamics(Editora UFLA, 2021) Mateus, Felipe Leonardo Barcelos; Petri Júnior, IrineuThe drying procedure is of great use in the industry, being capable of increasing the shelf life of many products, in addition to facilitate its transport and storage. The operation is essential for coffee beans to remove their excessive moisture content. The silo-drier has potential to ensure sensorial qualities through the intermittent drying, as well as with optimizations in the energy consumption. The objective of this work was to study the optimization of the numeric representation of a silo-dryer system, comparing the results of three different models available in the software FLUENT® 19.2: Eulerian Multi phase Model for Granular flow with packed bed configuration disabled, the same model but with the packed bed configuration enabled, and the porous zone single-phase modelling. The convergence efficiency of these models was also analyzed through the results of the numeric residue, and the influence of the relaxation factor in the simulation results. The behavior of solid volumetric fraction, air velocity and bed temperature were qualitatively examined with hot air at the inlet. It was found that the momentum relaxation factor influenced the results. Moderately lower factors allowed for faster convergence without significant particle behavior change. Monitoring the mass residue, the enabled packed bed modelling presented lower residuals, while the porous zone modelling presented higher residuals. The packed bed and porous zone modelling reported lower air velocities in comparison to the disabled packed bed modelling, and presented satisfactory heat transfer through the temperature profiles.Item Origin of black-green defect in the artificial drying of immature coffees(Editora UFLA, 2021) Rios, Paula de Almeida; Andrade, Ednilton Tavares de; Cardoso, Danilo BarbosaThe inequality of coffee maturation leads to a large portion of green berries in the harvest. Post-harvest management techniques seek to minimize defects during the drying process, such as black-green defects in harvested immature berries. The present study aimed to investigate the minimum occurrence of black-green defects in the drying of immature coffee berries subjected to different temperature conditions and relative humidity values. In addition to fitting mathematical models to the experimental data, the effective diffusion coefficient and the water reduction rate (WRR) were determined. Nine coffee crops (Coffea arabica L.) of the Topázio Amarelo variety were harvested manually and selectively during the green maturation stage, with an initial water content of 2.106 ± 0.05 kg.kg-1 (dry basis, d.b.). After drying, the coffee was subjected to a drying treatment in a fixed-layer dryer with combined dry bulb temperatures (Dbt) of 35, 40 and 45 °C and dew point temperatures (Dpt) of 2.6, 10.8 and 16.2 °C until a final water content of 0.124 ± 0.05 kg.kg-1 (db) was reached. After drying, black-green defects were quantified as percentages. In addition to the drying kinetics, the WRR and effective diffusivity were evaluated. The lowest percentage of black-green defects occurred at a temperature of 35 °C and a Dpt of 2.6 °C (11.00%), which is the most suitable treatment for drying natural green coffees. The highest percentage of defects occurred when a Dbt of 35 °C was combined with a Dpt of 16.2 °C (14.17%). This combination showed the lowest effective diffusion coefficient of 0.551 x 10-11 m2.s-1. The Midilli model had the best fit to the experimental data for all drying combinations. The lowest WRR was 0.063 kg.kg-1.h-1 and was observed when a Dbt of 35 °C was combined with a Dpt of 16.2 °C.Item Mathematical modeling of dehydration resistance of pericarp tissues and endosperm in fruits of arabic coffee(Editora UFLA, 2020) Dias, Camila de Almeida; Andrade, Ednilton Tavares de; Lemos, Isabella Àvila; Borém, Flávio Meira; Westerich, Diogo Nogueira; Silva, Ana Claudia Almeida daCoffee represents an important source of income for producers and for the Brazilian economy, being the second product in the country’s agricultural exports. Unlike other agricultural products, freshly harvested coffee has a high fruit water content, approximately 60% (dry base). It is fundamental to optimize the drying process for cost reduction and quality maintenance, making it necessary to understand the interdependence relation of the tissues of the pericarp and the coffee endosperm during the dehydration of the fruit. The objective of this work was to elaborate a drying model for the constituent parts of coffee fruits evaluating the resistance of each of the pericarp tissues and endosperm. The experiment was set up in a 4x6 factorial scheme (4 relative humidity of the drying air and natural, pulped natural coffee, pericarp tissues and endosperm: 1 - natural coffee and 2 – pulped natural coffee, 3 - exocarp + a portion of mesocarp, 4 - mesocarp, 5 - endocarp, 6 - endosperm]) in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The results were analyzed through analysis of variance and regression, using the statistical software STATISTICA 5.0®. The resistance to water outflow, regardless of the processing or the fruit part of the coffee, is greater when the coffee is dried with the lowest relative humidity. The natural coffee was the treatment that presented greater resistance, while the lower resistance was presented by the exocarp + a portion of mesocarp.Item The influence of natrural fermentation on coffee drink quality(Editora UFLA, 2020) Pereira, Leandro Ferreira Bernardes; Franco Junior, Kleso Silva; Barbosa, Camila Karen ReisCoffee quality refers to various methods used in farming, selective harvesting that assist in quality preservation and drying methods to be performed. Some drying methods that are being performed fermentation procedures have helped in obtaining specialty coffees. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of controlled natural fermentation of coffee through the temperature and time and its influence on the quality of coffee, according to the prescribed attributes in SCAA methodology, the type of coffee drink and time for drying grain. The research was carried out at Lavrinha farm, located at Poço Fundo (south of Minas Gerais), with coffee fruits of Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 cultivar and selective and manual harvesting. The treatments with temperature-controlled fermentation of 30 and 40 °C (1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 hours) and the control treatment were used with three replications in a randomized block system (DBC) in a factorial scheme. After fermentation, the batches were dried to 11.5% humidity and evaluated according to the SCAA (2015) methodology. The natural fermentation induced by temperature (°C) and time (hours) directly influenced the drink quality, resulting in a coffee with a score of 82 to 84 points, with attribute aggregation and special classification. Natural fermentation with temperature up to 40 °C and time control of 3 ,1 and 24 hours resulted in an improvement in coffee quality by 84 points.