Biblioteca do Café
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Item Agricultura natural em um sistema agroflorestal de café beneficia a matéria orgânica do solo e a biodiversidade da fauna edáfica(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2024-06-18) França, Emmeline Machado; Soares, Emanuelle Mercês Barros; Cardoso, Irene Maria; Carvalho, André Mundstock Xavier deA fauna edáfica é um componente essencial das relações tróficas e funcionais em ecossistemas agrícolas e naturais, visto que desempenha um papel crucial na modificação das propriedades físicas, químicas e microbiológicas do solo. Sua atuação contribui para a saúde e estabilidade dos ecossistemas, promovendo a sustentabilidade desses ambientes. No entanto, atualmente, os impactos dos usos e manejos da terra na biodiversidade da fauna do solo permanece pouco estudado, particularmente em regiões tropicais, como a região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, parte do bioma Mata Atlântica. Nesta pesquisa, foi avaliado o impacto do uso e manejo da terra a fim de compreender i) a relação entre matéria orgânica do solo e a riqueza e abundância da macro e mesofauna, ii) o impacto dos sistemas de cultivo na multifuncionalidade da fauna do solo e iii) o impacto do uso/manejo da terra na diversidade de artrópodes do solo, nomeadamente Chilopoda, Diplopoda e Arachnida. No final da estação chuvosa, em abril de 2022, monólitos (25 x 25 x 20 cm) foram coletados e divididos em duas camadas de solo (0-10 e 10-20 cm) e uma camada de serapilheira. Essas amostragens foram realizadas sob mata nativa (MN), uma lavoura de café convencional em pleno solo (PSC) e uma lavoura de café em sistema agroflorestal manejado de acordo com os princípios da agricultura natural (SAFN). No momento da remoção dos monólitos, a umidade do solo e a temperatura foram avaliadas com um sensor portátil a amostras de solo foram coletadas para determinações de atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos do solo Todos os organismos visíveis nas camadas amostradas dos monólitos foram triados em até 48 horas após a remoção dos blocos. Em geral, a abundância (N) e a riqueza (S) da fauna na serapilheira foram maiores em SAFN comparado ao PSC. No solo, o PSC apresentou N e S semelhantes ao SAFN, possivelmente devido à abundância predominante da espécie de minhoca exótica e peregrina, Pontoscolex corethrurus, no sistema convencional. Na serapilheira, alguns grupos apresentaram N e S mais elevados no SAFN em comparação ao PSC, particularmente adultos e larvas de Coleoptera, Heteroptera e Auchenorryncha. No total, cerca de 3.200 indivíduos foram identificados, distribuídos em 26 táxons e 277 morfoespécies. Três espécies desconhecidas pela comunidade científica foram identificadas, sendo até o presente momento, uma delas descrita a partir do exemplar coletado na presente tese, indicando que o papel desses organismos no solo ainda é subestimado e ainda não foi totalmente explorado. No geral, a maior riqueza foi observada no solo sob o MN, seguido pelo SAFN e o PSC. A presente tese destaca o paradoxo da exuberante riqueza da biodiversidade edáfica brasileira e o baixo conhecimento existente a cerca desta comunidade. As práticas da agricultura natural utilizadas no manejo do café em sistema agroflorestal demonstram potencial significativo para promover o armazenamento de carbono no solo, o aumento do pH, a retenção de água no solo e o beneficiamento de diversos grupos taxonômicos e funcionais da fauna edáfica, contribuindo para a redundância funcional (ou similaridade funcional) entre as espécies, o que pode levar ao aumento da resiliência do sistema frente as mudanças climáticas e antropogênicas. Palavras-chave: Ecologia do solo; diversidade funcional; diversidade taxonômica; mesofauna edáfica; macrofauna edáficaItem Monitoramento das variáveis ambientais em café cultivado com e sem braquiária no Planalto Central Brasileiro(Embrapa Cerrados, 2024-02) Oliveira, Alexsandra Duarte de; Carvalho, Arminda Moreira de; Sousa, Thais Rodrigues de; Santos, Marcos Vinicius Araújo dos; Fonseca, Ana Caroline Pereira da; Jesus, Douglas Rodrigues de; Ribeiro, Fabiana Piontekowski; Delvico, Francisco Marcos do Santos; Malaquias, Juaci Vitória; Veiga, Adriano DellyItem Efficiency of absorption, translocation, and use of nitrogen by water-stressed coffee(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2024) Martinez, Herminia Emilia Prieto; Bohorquez, Cesar Augusto Avellaneda; Cecon, Paulo RobertoClimate change and the expansion of agricultural lands to low-fertility soils have prompted studies on the effects of water and nutritional stress on nutrient uptake and use. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of absorption, translocation, and use of N in coffee cultivars under water stress (WS) and different N doses. The experiment was performed hydroponically and arranged in a 4 × 2 × 4 factorial randomized block design with three replications. These factors consisted of four coffee varieties, two N doses, and four levels of WS. At the end of the experiment, the dry matter production, N concentration, and N accumulation of plants, as well as nutritional efficiency indices were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. The results showed that in plants previously well-supplied with N, N stress induces greater allocation of dry matter in roots, mitigating the effects of subsequent water deficits on shoot dry matter production. Young Mundo Novo plants subjected to N stress followed by increasing water stress maintained a high utilization efficiency (UE). Young Acauã plants well-supplied with N, maintained their N utilization efficiency up to -1.6 MPa of water stress; however, when they were N starved, they underwent a drastic reduction in UE at potentials below -0.22 MPa.Item Spatial variability of pores in oxidic latosol under a conservation management system with different gypsium doses(Editora UFLA, 2014-10) Carducci, Carla Eloize; Oliveira, Geraldo César; Curi, Nilton; Rossoni, Diogo Francisco; Costa, Alisson Lucrécio; Heck, Richard JonhSoil structure is modify when subjected to the agricultural process, i.e., a new spatial organization of the pores system is formed, with relation to the physical quality of it. Thus the aim of this work was to visualize and quantify, through X-ray CT scan, the pores distribution in an oxidic Latosol submitted to a conservation management system with different gypsum doses. Three random trenches were dug lengthwise along the plant row in a very clayey gibbsitic dystrophic Red Latosol, subjected to the following gypsum levels: G0: absence of gypsum; G7: 7 Mg ha-1 and G28: 28 Mg ha-1 of additional gypsum, applied to the surface of the plant row. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in plexiglass tubes at depths of 0.20-0.34, 0.80-0.94 and 1.50-1.64 m after six years of coffee cultivation for quantification of 3D pores obtained by X-ray CT scan. The spatial variability of the soil structure was evaluated by semivariograms generated by 3D images in grayscale. Distribution of the detectable pore diameter was conducted by data mining. Statistical analyzes employed packages 'geoR' to semivariogram and 'randomForest' for data mining in R language. A greater spatial continuity of the pores occurred in the G7 at the three depths. The combined effects of the management system promoted a greater spatial variability of the soil structure in the G28 treatment. Based on geostatistical analyses, it can be infer that the adoption of the system under study promoted changes in the pore network in all directions (X, Y and Z), however with better pores continuity in the vertical direction(Z).Item Aggregate stability by the "high energy moisture characteristic" method in an oxisol under differentiated management(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2014-10) Silva, Érika Andressa da; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Silva, Bruno Montoani; Carducci, Carla Eloize; Avanzi, Junior Cesar; Serafim, Milson EvaldoStudies testing the High Energy Moisture Characteristic (HEMC) technique in tropical soils are still incipient. By this method, the effects of different management systems can be evaluated. This study investigated the aggregation state of an Oxisol under coffee with Brachiaria between crop rows and surface-applied gypsum rates using HEMC. Soil in an experimental area in the Upper São Francisco region, Minas Gerais, was studied at depths of 0.05 and 0.20 m in coffee rows. The treatments consisted of 0, 7, and 28 Mg ha-1 of agricultural gypsum rates distributed on the soil surface of the coffee rows, between which Brachiaria was grown and periodically cut, and compared with a treatment without Brachiaria between coffee rows and no gypsum application. To determine the aggregation state using the HEMC method, soil aggregates were placed in a Büchner funnel (500 mL) and wetted using a peristaltic pump with a volumetric syringe. The wetting was applied increasingly at two pre-set speeds: slow (2 mm h-1) and fast (100 mm h-1). Once saturated, the aggregates were exposed to a gradually increasing tension by the displacement of a water column (varying from 0 to 30 cm) to obtain the moisture retention curve [M = f (Ψ) ], underlying the calculation of the stability parameters: modal suction, volume of drainable pores (VDP), stability index (slow and fast), VDP ratio, and stability ratio. The HEMC method conferred sensitivity in quantifying the aggregate stability parameters, and independent of whether gypsum was used, the soil managed with Brachiaria between the coffee rows, with regular cuts discharged in the crop row direction, exhibited a decreased susceptibility to disaggregation.Item Soil moisture space-time analysis to support improved crop management(Editora UFLA, 2015) Silva, Bruno Montoani; Santos, Walbert Junior Reis dos; Oliveira, Geraldo César de; Lima, José Maria de; Curi, Nilton; Marques, João JoséThe knowledge of the water content in the soil profile is essential for an efficient management of crop growth and development. This work aimed to use geostatistical techniques in a spatio-temporal study of soil moisture in an Oxisol in order to provide that information for improved crop management. Data were collected in a coffee crop area at São Roque de Minas, in the upper São Francisco River basin, MG state, Brazil. The soil moisture was measured with a multi-sensor capacitance (MCP) probe at 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 60- and 100-cm depths between March and December, 2010. After adjusting the spherical semivariogram model using ordinary least squares, best model, the values were interpolated by kriging in order to have a continuous surface relating depth x time (CSDT) and the soil water availability to plant (SWAP). The results allowed additional insight on the dynamics of soil water and its availability to plant, and pointed to the effects of climate on the soil water content. These results also allowed identifying when and where there was greater water consumption by the plants, and the soil layers where water was available and potentially explored by the plant root system.Item Distribuição espacial do café na região das matas de Minas(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015-12-11) Faria, Maola Monique; Fernandes Filho, Elpídio Inácio; Ferreira, Williams Pinto Marques; Francelino, Márcio RochaA Região das Matas de Minas caracteriza-se pelo seu relevo movimentado sob solos intemperizados e de baixa fertilidade natural. Originalmente, a região era coberta por matas que, em sua maioria, foram derrubadas dando lugar à de lavouras de café e de pastagens. O mapeamento das áreas cafeeiras a partir do uso de sensoriamento remoto ainda constitui um desafio para os pesquisadores. Diante disso, o presente estudo tem por objetivo mapear o uso e a cobertura do solo, com ênfase nas áreas cultivadas com café, da região das Matas de Minas a partir do emprego do classificador Random Forest. O estudo foi realizado utilizando-se as bandas 1 a 7 do Landsat 8 de 02 de agosto de 2013 com correção atmosférica. O processamento dos dados foi feito utilizando os softwares ArcGis 10.1 e R 3.2. Realizou-se a coleta de 8.500 amostras distribuídas de forma aleatória em toda a área de estudo e envolvendo todas as oito classes de uso de interesse no estudo, a saber: café, mata, eucalipto, solo, água, pastagem, nuvem e sombra. Com base no arquivo de amostras foram extraídos os valores de radiância de cada banda da imagem Landsat 8. A classificação foi realizada utilizando-se a interface do software R. Para avaliar o grau de sobreposição espectral das classes de uso do conjunto de amostras foi utilizado o índice de separação de classes de Jefferyes-Matusita. Para a avaliação da exatidão da classificação foi utilizado o índice Kappa e Kappa condicional. Ao se empregar um conjunto de 80 pixels por classe foi suficiente para se obter bons resultados para todos os classificadores avaliados. O refinamento do conjunto de amostras propiciou a melhora do índice de separabilidade Jefferyes-Matusita dentre as classes florestais envolvidas no presente estudo: café, mata e eucalipto. A cultura cafeeira, na região das Matas de Minas, recobre 424.705,50 hectares.Item Características comerciais de mudas de café produzidas com diferentes fontes de fósforo e bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2023-03-30) Ferraro, A. C.; França, A. C.; Machado, C. M. M.; Aguiar, F. R.; Oliveira, L. L.; Braga Neto, A. M.; Oliveira, R. G.Considered the economic engine of many countries, the coffee culture represents an important component of the agricultural chain in Brazil. The growing values of commercialization, planting areas, and crop productivity require the acquisition of quality seedlings, which must receive adequate nutritional support through efficient fertilizers. Slow and controlled-release fertilizers, such as organominerals, gain prominence when it comes to increasing efficiency in the use of phosphorus, as well as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) with phosphate solubilizing characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different sources of mineral and organomineral fertilizers, inoculated and non-inoculated with PGPB on the quality parameters of coffee seedlings. In general, the P sources used in the experiment positively interfered with the development of coffee seedlings. This proves that there is a need for nutritional supplementation for the good development of the seedlings. Among the sources used, the organomineral in granulated form showed better performance in coffee seedlings' growth and physiological parameters, proving to be a viable alternative to commonly used fertilizers. The addition of PGPB showed a significant advantage for seedling quality variables.Item Grain yield of coffee plants fertilized with different doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation under rainfed conditions(Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2021-07-12) Torres, Josemar Dávila; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Araújo, Larissa Fatarelli Bento De; Marcolan, Alaerto Luiz; Rocha, Rodrigo BarrosLittle is known about the management of high-yield clonal Coffea canephora in the Amazonian Region, mainly for nutritional aspects and cultivation system efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates on coffee grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency of C. canephora trees. An experiment was performed at an experimental field of the Embrapa Rondônia in Porto Velho (RO), Brazil. It was carried out in a split-plot scheme with six doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation (0; 250; 500; 1,000; 2,000; and 3,000 kg ha-1) and three years of evaluation (2014, 2015, and 2016). An interaction between fertilizer dose and crop year was observed. Fertilizer doses showed an exponential behavior, with maximum yields of 51, 114, and 79 bags ha-1 at 3,000 kg ha-1 in the crop years of 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Such a behavior impacted average and accumulated yields in the three harvest seasons. As for crop year effect within each fertilizer dose, the highest yield was reached in the second harvest after pruning for renewal of orthotropic stems. Moreover, fertilizer use efficiency by plants decreased exponentially, with the highest value at the lowest dose. Increasing doses of 20-00-20 formulation promoted an exponential increase in grain yield but decreased its use efficiency by C. canephora plants. This management also stimulated a strong biannual production.Item Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation for coffee seedling production with commercial and conventional substrates(Instituto Agronômico (IAC), 2023-05-22) Silveira, Adriana Parada Dias; Tristão, Fabrício Sales Massafera; Fernandes, Ana Olívia; Andrade, Sara Adrian Lopez; Cipriano, Mateus Aparecido PereiraCoffee seedlings are commonly produced on substrate composed of a mixture of soil and cattle manure, supplemented with chemical fertilizers. Alternatives to reduce production costs and produce seedlings of greater quality and health include the use of commercial organic substrates, which require less handling. The use of beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be considered a good alternative for production of more vigorous coffee seedlings. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of AMF isolates on coffee seedlings development in a commercial organic substrate (based on coconut fiber) and conventional substrate (mixture composed of soil and cattle manure compost). Ten AMF were tested: Rhizophagus irregularis, Glomus macrocarpum, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus clarus, Glomus spp., Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora morrowiae, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Acaulospora spp., and Dentiscutata heterogamma. Plant growth, shoot P content, mycorrhizal colonization, extraradical mycelium length, phosphatase activity, and photosynthetic pigments were evaluated. The effects of mycorrhization depended on both the inoculated fungal species and the substrate for seedling cultivation. Inoculation of G. margarita, Acaulospora spp., and Glomus spp. in the conventional substrate conferred the best growth plant responses, increasing shoot biomass by 160 to 320%. In the commercial substrate, the most efficient AMF were R. clarus, Glomus spp, A. morrowiae and A. scrobiculata, with up to 149% of shoot biomass increase. The commercial organic substrate and the inoculation of some of the AMF isolates were highly beneficial to coffee seedlings development and can replace the use of the conventional substrate. These results open new opportunities for the use of AMF as an inoculant to improve coffee seedling production in commercial organic substrates.