Biblioteca do Café
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Item Influence of Fermentation Time and Inoculation of Starter Culture on the Chemical Composition of Fermented Natural Coffee Followed by Depulping(Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2024-09-09) BORÉM, FLÁVIO M.; SALVIO, LUÍS GUSTAVO A.; CORREA, JEFFERSON LUIZ G.; ALVES, ANA PAULA C.; SANTOS, CLÁUDIA M. DOS; HAEBERLIN, LUANA; CIRILLO, MARCELO A.; SCHWAN, ROSANE F.Fermentation using starter cultures has been considered an alternative and economically viable technology for the production of specialty coffees. This type of technology promotes several benefits, such as increased sensory quality, control over the fermentation process, predictability of the final product and added value. Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) samples for this study were collected in Presidente Olegário - MG (2018/19 crop year) in the Cerrado region of Minas Gerais. The effects of natural fermentation and inoculation of the yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii and duration of fermentation (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) on the sensory and chemical quality (analysis of bioactive, volatile, and organic compounds and fatty acids) of coffee were evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation time and starter culture inoculation on the chemical composition of fermented coffees. Fermentation time significantly influenced the sensory description of the coffee beverage, with notes of honey, brown sugar and almond predominating up to 48 hours, for coffees fermented for 72 and 96 hours the notes described were and fruity, winey notes. The chemical composition was primarily influenced by fermentation time.Item Experimental model for optimizing mechanized mountain coffee harvesting(Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG, 2024-08-30) Souza, Felipe G.; Teixeira, Mauri M.; Villibor, Geice P.; Furtado Júnior, Marconi R.; Cecon, Paulo R.Coffee holds significant economic and social importance for Brazil, being one of the main commodities in global agribusiness. Coffee growers, particularly those cultivating arabica coffee, face challenges due to labor shortages and high associated costs during manual harvesting. This study aimed to evaluate the operational performance and efficiency of a self-propelled coffee harvester prototype in terraced mountain areas. To assess harvesting losses, efficiency, and operational capacity, the experimental model traversed the designated area entirely. Fruit stripping was performed over the collection system at five different terrain incline angles (8°, 17°, 25°, 30°, and 38°). Harvesting loss was determined by the ratio of the mass of fruits retained by the collection system to the total mass of harvested fruits. For comparison, the efficiency and operational capacity of two workers performing manual fruit harvesting were also measured. Terrain slope did not significantly impact harvesting losses or operational capacity. The highest operational capacity was 0.11 ha h⁻¹, achieved at a 17° slope. The average operational efficiency was 66.2%.Item Analysis of the chemical composition and glyphosate residue in Conilon coffee beans(Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2024-05-17) Peixoto, Priscilla Moreira Curtis; Osório, Vanessa Moreira; Colodetti, Tafarel Victor; Parreira, Luciana Alves; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Tomaz, Marcelo AntonioDu e to the concern with the contamination of food by pesticides, especially coffee, the aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and glyphosate residue in Conilon coffee beans with and without defects and harvested at different times after applying the herbicide. The experiment was in a split-plot design, with the presence or absence of defects in the beans comprising the subplots, and the periods of 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after applying the herbicide corresponding to the split plots. We analyzed the volatile compounds, bioactive compounds, and glyphosate residue in the beans. Regardless of the presence or absence of defects, there was an increase in the concentrations of bioactive compounds in the raw Conilon coffee beans as the interval between applying the herbicide and harvesting the beans was increased. The most abundant volatile compounds per percentage area belonged to the pyrazines, furans and phenols. The amount of glyphosate residue found in the beans exceeded the maximum detectable limit by the ELISA method regardless of the time between application and harvest, corresponding to values that are unacceptable to several purchasing countries, and making the samples unsuitable for export and a risk to food safety.Item Application rate and hydraulic tips used in remotely piloted aircraft affect the phytosanitary products in coffee plant canopies(Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM, 2024-03-01) Alvarenga, Cleyton Batista de; Zampiróli, Renan; Cunha, João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da; Rinaldi, Paula Cristina Natalino; Cunha, Bruno Amâncio da; Faria, Layanara OliveiraMost coffee (Coffea arabica) phytosanitary management techniques are performed using ground-based equipment, and remotely piloted aircraft are a recent alternative. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of different application rates and hydraulic tips used for spreading phytosanitary products on coffee crops using a remotely piloted aircraft, assisted by artificial targets and dye tracing. The experiment was a 4 × 3 factorial randomized block design with four tips (XR 110-01, TT 110-01, AIXR 110-015, and TTJ60 110-02) and three application rates (8, 12, and 16 L ha-1). Hydrosensitive paper was used to analyze the droplet spectrum, and the Brilliant Blue tracer was used to detect spray deposition. The DJI Agras T20 remotely piloted aircraft was used to apply the phytosanitary product. Speed, flight height, and application range were maintained at 5.56 m s-1, 2 m, and 5 m, respectively. The flight direction was perpendicular to the crop planting lines. The application rate and hydraulic tip jointly controlled the accumulation of droplets on the target according to its position in the plant canopy. Therefore, remotely piloted aircraft can be used in coffee phytosanitary management, particularly to control targets that predominately occur in the upper third of the plant canopy.Item Resilience to water deficit of coffee seedlings produced through cuttings and somatic embryogenesis(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2024-12-16) Dominghetti, Anderson William; Freitas, Tainah; Silveira, Helbert Rezende de Oliveira; Guimarães, Rubens JoséInformation on Coffea arabica L. vegetatively propagated during crop establishment is still scarce. Knowledge on the anatomical and physiological adaptation of these types of plants in the crop formation phase, in conditions of water deficit is important. The objective of this work was to understand the anatomical and physiological adaptations of plants derived from cuttings and somatic embryogenesis as resilience to water deficit in the implantation phase of the crop. Both types of plants were submitted to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of water available in the soil, in a controlled environment, for 153 days. The design used in this experiment was the randomized blocks with five replications. Physiological characteristics (photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency) and anatomical characteristics (palisade parenchyma thickness and stomatal density) were evaluated. Both types of plants are resilient to water deficit in the planting phase of the crop. Cutting plants have greater photosynthetic activity and palisade parenchyma thickness with greater growth potential. In general, somatic embryogenesis plants have higher stomatal density. Plants of both types of seedlings have lower values of transpiration, stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation under water deficit conditions, but with higher stomatal densities, as an adaptation response.Item Programmed pruning cycle for arabica coffee as enhancer of nutrient cycling to maintain soil fertility(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2024-12-13) Araújo, Diogo Ribeiro de; Colodetti, Tafarel Victor; Souza, Matheus Fonseca de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Oliveira, Fábio Luiz de; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do; Maciel, Laiane Silva; Martins, Lima Deleon; Tomaz, Marcelo AntonioThe objective of this work was to evaluate the nutrient cycling and biomass input of arabica coffee plants managed with a programmed pruning cycle and potassium fertilization. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot arrangement, with four doses of K in the plot, and nine periods of evaluation in the subplot. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was applied. Significance was observed as a function of days after pruning, reaching 78.5% of the decomposed leaf material at 324 days. The release of nutrients showed a variable behavior. At 360 days of evaluation, the percentages of releases nutrients were: 97.2, 79.1, 73.7, 68.0, 48.6, and 32.5, for K, P, Mg, Mn, N, and Ca, respectively. Potassium fertilization levels do not influence the decomposition rate of the leaves eliminated by the programmed pruning cycle in arabica coffee.Item Analysis of bioactive compounds, organic acids, and genetic parameters of ten amazonian robusta cultivars(Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2024-04-29) Tadeu, Hugo C.; Ximenes, Valdecir F.; Lopes, Maria T. G.; Espindula, Marcelo C.; Alves, Ana P. de C.; Borém, Flávio M.Coffea canephora beans are used for various industrial purposes, among which the use as soluble coffees stands out for producing beverages in blends with Coffea arabica. Due to the increase in demand, EMBRAPA launched ten monoclonal C. canephora cultivars, named Amazonian Robustas, adapted to the growing conditions of the Brazilian Amazon. However, the chemical composition of the beans of these cultivars is still little known. The present study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for the evaluated characteristics and determine the levels of bioactive compounds and organic acids in ten C. canephora cultivars. The experiment was set in Manaus, Amazonas, consisting of plants from the cultivars BRS 1216, BRS 2299, BRS 2314, BRS 2336, BRS 2357, BRS 3137, BRS 3193, BRS3210, BRS 3213, and BRS 3220. The cultivars were characterized according to the profile of bioactive compounds and organic acids. Analysis of variance, mean test, and genetic caracterizadas quanto ao perfil de bioativos e ácidos orgânicos. Foi parameters (genetic, environmental, and phenotypic variance and realizada análise de variância, teste de médias e estimados heritability) were conducted. The heritability of characters was parâmetros genéticos como variância genética, ambiental, fenotípica considered from intermediate 63.76% (trigonelline) to high 88.44% e herdabilidade. A herdabilidade dos caracteres foi considerada de (caffeine). Of the compounds studied, trigonelline contents ranged mediana, 63,76%, para trigonelina, a alta, 88,44%, para cafeína. Dos from 0.54 to 0.78 g.100g-1, chlorogenic acids from 3.77 to 5.31 compostos estudados, os teores de trigonelina variaram de 0,54 a g.100g-1, caffeine from 2.31 to 4.13 g.100g-1, and citric acid from 0.76 to 1.28 g.100g-1. It was observed that there is genetic variability among the cultivars for the compounds studied, and the cultivars can be used in breeding programs for the development of new cultivars.Item Morphology of the coffee root system using polyethylene film(Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2023-08-25) Nascimento, Letícia Gonçalves do; Assis, Gleice Aparecida de; Fernandes, Marco Iony dos Santos; Caixeta, Lucas Gomes; Carvalho, Fábio Janoni; Mazziero, Beatriz GallucciIn the initial phase of the coffee crop, the control of weeds and water availability for the establishment of the plants is a concern. The polyethylene cover can positively influence the chemical and biological characteristics of the soil and, consequently, the root system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphology of the root system of coffee plants using polyethylene mulching of different widths and colors. Coffee was planted in December 2016 using the cultivar Topázio MG-1190. A randomized repetitions design was used, with four blocks and five treatments, as follows: 1.20-m wide white/black mulching, 1.40-m white/black mulching, 1.20-m silver/black mulching, 1.40-m silver /black mulching, and no mulching. Total root dry matter per soil volume, total root length per soil volume, total root volume per soil volume, total root area per soil volume, specific root surface, specific root length, and mean root diameter were all evaluated. Roots with smaller diameters were concentrated in the 0-0.20 m depth layer, while in the 0.20-0.40 m depth layer, roots with larger diameters were found. Plants grown in 1.20-m silver/black mulching showed a greater surface area and a specific length of the roots.Item Plant stem cell extract from Coffea canephora shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin regenerative properties mediated by suppression of nuclear factor-κB(Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2023-06-30) Guidoni, M.; Sousa Júnior, A.D. de; Aragão, V.P.M.; Toledo e Silva, M.V.; Barth, T.; Clarindo, W.R.; Endringer, D.C.; Scherer, R.; Fronza, M.Plant cell cultures have become a promising production platform of bioactive compounds for biomedical and cosmetic uses in the last decades. However, the success so far has been limited. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this unique biotechnology process to obtain a bioactive stem cell extract of Coffea canephora (SCECC) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined in the SCECC by spectrophotometry. The chemical composition of the extracts was characterized by mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the colorimetric methods of free radical scavenging 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). The anti-inflammatory activity was determined in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through the production of superoxide anion (O2•-), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, the ability of SCECC to stimulate the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts was assessed. Five compounds were tentatively identified, two flavonoids, two phenolic acids, and one sugar. High phenolic content and antioxidant activity were observed in the SCECC. SCECC promoted the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and suppressed the pro-inflammatory mediators O2•-, NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SCECC inhibited the NF-κB transcription factor. Therefore, we obtained evidence that the extract from C. canephora stem cells can be used as a natural agent against skin damage. Hence, it could be of interest in cosmetics for preventing skin aging.Item Oxidative stability of biodiesel in the presence of leaves and fruit extracts(Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2025-05-09) Branco, Isadora Guilherme; Romagnoli, Erica Signori; Gonçales Filho, José; Mantovani, Ana Carolina Gomes; Borsato, DionisioThis research evaluated the efficiency of ethanolic extracts from yerba mate leaves (Ilex paraguariensis), coffee leaves (coffea arabica), and jambolan pulp (Syzygium cumini Lamarck) through the application of the simplex-centroid mixture design, the super modified simplex optimization algorithm, and the functions of desirability, using the induction period (IP) and the rate constant (k) of the biodiesel oxidation reaction at 110 °C as responses. Antioxidant activity was observed in all extracts, manifesting either by reducing the rate constant or extending the biodiesel induction period in comparison to the control sample. The mathematical models derived from the simplex-centroid design exhibited adjusted determination coefficients of 0.990 for the IP model and 0.960 for the k model. Analysis of variance indicated the significance of both models at the 5% significance level for IP and k, with p1 = 7.382 × 10−4 and p2 = 1.177 × 10−3, respectively. The lack of fit was not significant at the same level with p1 = 0.132 and p2 = 0.653, showing that they can be used for predictive purposes. The analysis of the response surface and optimization using the super modified simplex method revealed that higher proportions of coffee leaves extract in the mixture yielded superior IP values and lower k values.