Biblioteca do Café
URI permanente desta seçãohttps://sbicafe.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1
Navegar
13798 resultados
Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Coffee resistance to the main diseases: leaf rust and coffee berry disease(Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal, 2006-06-14) Silva, Maria do Céu; Várzea, Victor; Guerra-Guimarães, Leonor; Azinheira, Helena Gil; Fernandez, Diana; Petitot, Anne-Sophie; Bertrand, Benoit; Lashermes, Philippe; Nicole, MichelConsiderable success has been obtained in the use of classical breeding to control economically important plant diseases, such as the coffee leaf rust and the coffee berry disease (CBD). There is a strong consensus that growing genetically resistant varieties is the most appropriate cost effective means of managing plant diseases and is one of the key components of crop improvement. It has also been recognized that a better knowledge of both, the pathogens and the plant defence mechanisms will allow the development of novel approaches to enhance the durability of resistance. After a brief description of concepts in the field of plant disease resistance, we attempt to give a view of the research progress on coffee leaf rust and CBD concerned with the pathogens infection and variability, coffee breeding for resistance and coffee resistance mechanisms.Item Selection for durable resistance to leaf rust using test-crosses on IAPAR-59 and Tupi IAC 1669-33 cultivars of Coffea arabica(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2007-10-05) Sera, Gustavo Hiroshi; Sera, Tumoru; Ito, Dhalton Shiguer; Azevedo, José Alves de; Mata, João Siqueira da; Doi, Deisy Saori; Ribeiro Filho, ClaudionorThe aim of this study was to identify plants of the IAPAR-59 and Tupi IAC 1669-33 coffee cultivars with less defeated resistance genes by the rust races present at IAPAR (Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil) using test-crosses. Eighteen test-crosses derived from hybridizations between 'IAPAR-59' or 'Tupi IAC 1669-33' with susceptible coffee to the rust disease were evaluated. Six hybrids were used as susceptible standards originated from hybridizations between two susceptible coffee plants. Many parental plants of the 'IAPAR-59' and 'Tupi IAC 1669-33' presented more defeated resistance genes against rust races present at IAPAR than others of these cultivars or the genes were in heterozygous, because of segregant susceptible plants observed in some test-crosses. The test-crosses were very efficient to identify plants with less defeated resistance genes to the H. vastatrix. Coffee plants considered resistants would must be made test-crosses to verify which plants presented less and/or more defeated genes in homozygous.Item Applying different infective structures of Beauveria bassiana to Coffea arabica infested with Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under field(Instituto Biológico, 2023-01-09) Pereira, Raquel Moraes Costa; Almeida, José Eduardo Marcondes de; Batista Filho, AntonioCoffee is the most appreciated beverage in worldwide; Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of this commodity. Organochlorine endosulfan was banned from the country in 2013 due to its teratogenic agent-related features. Since then, coffee plantations have experienced increased Hypothenemus hampei infestation rates. The aim of the current study is to assess variations in the rates of Coffea arabica fruits brocaded by H. hampei after the application of entomopathogenic fungal species Beauveria bassiana IBCB66. Experiments were carried out with ‘Catuaí’ and ‘Mundo Novo’ cultivars between 2018 and 2020, during the borer transit period. Three experiments were carried out based on the application of the aforementioned fungal species on the investigated coffee plant species, both by spraying and sprinkling, at 30-day intervals; 10 fruits were collected per face of each useful plant in each repetition. The experiment has followed a randomized blocks design with five treatments, including the control, and five repetitions, each. Beauveria bassiana Ecobass (IBCB66) wettable powder spray, at the concentration of 2 × 1013·ha–1, was used in experiments I and II. On the other hand, the mix used in experiment III was prepared with blastospores at concentration of 5 × 1012·ha–1 blastospores + 0.1% Silwet. The sprinkling process in all three experiments has used dry aerial conidia at concentration of 2 × 1013·ha–1. Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), which was followed by Fisher’s test at 5% probability level, in the SISVAR software. More than 35,000 fruits were assessed. In addition to variations between experiments, results have evidenced that the rate of brocaded fruits remained high.Item Diversidade de ácaros (Arachnida: Acari) em cinco cultivares de duas espécies de cafeeiros (Coffea spp.) em Garça, Estado de São Paulo(Instituto Biológico, 2006) Mineiro, J.L. de C.; Sato, M.E.; Raga, A.; Arthur, V; Cangani, K.G.; Barbosa, F.V.O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a diversidade de ácaros em cinco diferentes cultivares de duas espécies de cafeeiros, no Município de Garça, SP. Foram estudadas as seguintes espécies e cultivares de cafeeiro: Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner cv. Apoatã e Coffea arabica L. cultivares Mundo Novo, Icatu Vermelho, Icatu Amarelo e Catuaí Amarelo. Os ácaros foram obtidos de folhas, amostradas do terço médio em 10 plantas ao acaso de cada cultivar. A amostragem foi realizada mensalmente, entre abril de 2001 e junho de 2003. Apoatã foi a cultivar que apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies e o maior número de espécimes na superfície das folhas. Por outro lado, essa mesma cultivar foi a que apresentou o menor número de espécies e de espécimes no interior das domácias. A cultivar Icatu Vermelho foi a que apresentou a maior uniformidade na distribuição das espécies de ácaros enquanto a cultivar Apoatã a que apresentou a menor. Na superfície das folhas, as espécies fitófagas Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) e Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) foram muito abundantes e freqüentes em todas as cultivares, enquanto os predadores Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma e E. concordis (Chant), ambos Phytoseiidae, foram os mais abundantes e freqüentes. Nas domácias, os ácaros mais freqüentes foram os predadores da família Stigmaeidae, sendo Zetzellia malvinae Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira mais abundante em todas as cultivares de C. arabica e Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira muito abundante apenas na cultivar Icatu Vermelho.Item Compatibilidade de Beauveria bassiana com agrotóxicos visando o controle da cochonilha-da-raiz-do-cafeeiro Dysmicoccus texensis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)(Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 2004-09-24) Andaló, Vanessa; Moino Jr., Alcides; Santa-Cecília, Lenira V.C.; Souza, Giselle C.Várias são as substâncias químicas usadas no controle de insetos, doenças e plantas invasoras, porém muitos desses produtos são tóxicos ao homem e aos animais, além de reduzir o potencial de controle de predadores, parasitóides e entomopatógenos. O controle integrado utilizando agrotóxicos seletivos e fungos entomopatogênicos é uma estratégia viável, porém alguns destes produtos podem atuar negativamente sobre estes microrganismos, reduzindo crescimento vegetativo, esporulação e viabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de agrotóxicos aplicados na cultura do cafeeiro, sobre o fungo Beauveria bassiana (isolado UEL 114), visando o controle da cochonilha-da-raiz-do-cafeeiro. Uma suspensão de 1 x 10(7) conídios viáveis/ml do fungo foi adicionada a soluções dos produtos nas concentrações recomendadas. Após 1h, foi feito o plaqueamento em meio BDA, e a quantificação dos conídios germinados após 20h. O crescimento vegetativo e a esporulação foram avaliados oito dias após a inoculação do fungo em meio BDA contendo os produtos nas concentrações recomendadas, e mantido em câmara B.O.D. à temperatura de 25 ± 1ºC, fotofase de 12 h e umidade relativa de 70 ± 10%. Foram medidos o diâmetro médio das colônias e quantificados os conídios produzidos em câmara de Neubauer. Azafenidine, quintozene, simazine + ametrine, 2,4-D, acetoclor e oxifluorfem afetaram a germinação dos conídios de B. bassiana. Tiametoxam, imidaclopride, carbofuram e pencicurom foram compatíveis; ao passo que glifosato, dimetilurea, azafenidine, quintozene, simazine + ametrine, 2,4-D, acetoclor e oxifluorfem reduziram significativamente o crescimento vegetativo e esporulação do isolado UEL 114 de B. bassiana.Item Partitioning of nitrate reductase activity in Coffea arabica L. and its relation to carbon assimilation under different irradiance regimes(Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2007-03-26) Carelli, Maria Luiza C.; Fahl, Joel I.The distribution of in vivo nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) activity (NRA) between leaves and roots was studied in young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) grown in pots with watered sand in a glasshouse and irrigated with nutrient solution. The influence of irradiance regimes on the partitioning of NRA, and its relation with CO2 assimilation, was also evaluated in plants grown under approximately 20, 50 and 100% of full sunlight. Time-course of nitrate accumulation in nitrogen-starved plants showed a similar pattern in leaves and roots after supplying 15 mmol L-1 nitrate, indicating efficient ability of the roots to export nitrate to the shoot. At the same time, NRA was rapidly induced in both tissues. In shoots, NRA partitioning was synchronized among the various leaf pairs. The initial increase in NRA, as each leaf pair emerged, coincided with the optimum NRA values of the next older leaf pair. However, the average shoot NRA remained relatively constant for each sampling date. During the first 23 weeks of vegetative growth, the mean NRA was 32% higher in leaves than in roots. The irradiance regimes influenced the partitioning of NRA between leaves and roots. The NRA leaf /root ratio was 0.72, 1.21 and 1.05, respectively, for plants grown under 20%, 50% and 100% of full sunlight. Leaf NRA was positively correlated with CO2 assimilation, in response to irradiance regimes. Under favorable CO2 assimilation conditions, higher NRA was observed in leaves than in roots, and the contrary trend occurred under limiting CO2 assimilation conditions. Under moderate irradiance regime the leaves were the main site of nitrate reduction, contributing with 70% of the whole plant nitrate assimilation.Item Antifungal compounds as a mechanism to control Hemileia vastatrix by antagonistic bacteria(Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia, 2013-10-29) Haddad, Fernando; Saraiva, Rodrigo M.; Mizubuti, Eduardo S. G.; Romeiro, Reginaldo S.; Maffia, Luiz A.Pseudomonas putida P286 and Bacillus thuringiensis B157 controlled coffee rust under greenhouse and field conditions. Now we studied the mechanism(s) of antagonism of both bacteria to Hemileia vastatrix. Bacterial effects on urediniospore germination and disease severity were evaluated in experiments with six treatments: (i) growth broth, (ii) supernatant centrifugation, (iii) bacterial cell centrifugation and re-suspension, (iv) UV inactivation of the bacteria, (v) 523 medium, and (vi) saline solution. The treatments i to iii reduced both spore germination and disease severity. Each isolate was applied at different concentrations and time periods before inoculation of H. vastatrix. The efficiency in controlling rust was reduced at the lowest concentrations and at the largest intervals between applications. In spatial separation experiments, both bacteria did not induce systemic protection, whereas protected locally the coffee plants against H. vastatrix. Therefore, the mechanism of both isolates against H. vastatrix is attributed to the production of antifungal compound (s).Item Influência da teia de Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) sobre os fitoseídeos predadores associados(Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 2010-03-12) Franco, Renato A; Reis, Paulo R; Zacarias, Mauricio S; Oliveira, Daniel COligonychus ilicis (McGregor) is among those mite species that can cause damage to coffee plants (Coffea spp.). Species of Phytoseiidae acari are considered the most important and studied predatory mites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the webbing produced by O.ilicis on its predation by females of the phytoseiids Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma and Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant). Four bioassays were conducted, with three treatments and ten replicates. Each replicate consisted of 25 O.ilicis per experimental unit (a leaf disc of Coffea arabica) according to the tested developmental stage, in independent experiments. To spin the web, 15 adult females were put on each experimental unit for 24h; females were then removed, leaving only the web, and predators and prey to be tested were introduced. Predation was assessed after 24h. In the presence of webbing, the consumption of eggs, larvae and nymphs by I.zuluagai and eggs and larvae by E.citrifolius was lower. For A.herbicolus, egg predation was lower, but larval predation did not vary significantly and predation of nymphs and adults was higher in the presence of webbing. Predators as a whole were more efficient consuming larvae regardless of the presence of webbing. Considering the stages of O.ilicis altogether, webbing reduced the predation potential of I.zuluagai and E. citrifolius, but not of A. herbicolus.Item Alterations in leaf anatomy and physiology caused by the red mite (Oligonychus ilicis) in plants of Coffea arabica(Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2007-06-15) Fahl, Joel I.; Queiroz-Voltan, Rachel B.; Carelli, Maria Luiza C.; Schiavinato, Marlene A.; Prado, Ana K. S.; Souza, Júlio C.Three degrees of red mite infestation (Oligonychus ilicis McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) were evaluated with regard to leaf anatomy, photosynthetic gas exchange and leaf ethylene production, in a commercial crop of approximately 12-year-old trees of Coffea arabica 'Catuaí Vermelho'. As a complementary study, foliar anatomy was also evaluated in a recuperated crop of C. arabica 'Mundo Novo' that had presented a high degree of red mite infestation during the dry period of the prior growing season. The red mite-infested leaves were bronze-coloured, with intensity proportional to the degree of internal damage. On feeding, the red mite introduces its stylet in the adaxial epidermis and, as a result, chloroplasts are destroyed in the feeding area. The number of chlorophyll-free cells in the palisade parenchyma was proportional to the intensity of attack by red mites. The cells of the spongy parenchyma, localized below the feeding areas of the mites, did not show any alterations, having intact chloroplasts, with the exception of some leaves that suffered from intense attack. Net photosynthesis rate declined, but only in leaves under intense red mite attack, due to destruction of chloroplasts in the attacked cells. Nevertheless, transpiration and stomatal conductance were unaffected by red mite. The concentrations of ethylene produced by the leaves were similar regardless of three levels of attack, suggesting that red mite infestation does not lead to leaf abscission. In addition, anatomical studies of 'Mundo Novo' leaves of plants that visually recovered from red mite attack showed that, even with scars present, they continued attached on the plant.Item Efeito de diferentes temperaturas e exigências térmicas da cochonilha-branca Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) em cafeeiro(Instituto Biológico, 2008) Correa, L. R. B.; Santa-Cecília, L. V. C.; Souza, B.; Cividanes, F. J.Dentre as várias espécies que compõem a família Pseudococcidae, conhecida como cochonilhabranca, tem sido relatada como importante praga de diversas culturas. Considerando a grande variabilidade ambiental a que esse inseto está submetido, objetivou-se estudar aspectos biológicos dessa cochonilha em cafeeiro (Coffea arabica) em diferentes temperaturas e determinar as suas exigências térmicas. O experimento foi conduzido em câmaras climatizadas a 70 ± 10% UR, 12 horas de fotofase e temperaturas de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a temperatura influenciou o desenvolvimento ninfal de P. citri,exceto o segundo ínstar de machos. A duração da fase ninfal de fêmeas variou de 77 a 30 dias quando se elevou a temperatura de 15 para 30º C e a longevidade das fêmeas foi maior para as condições extremas (15 e 30º C). Na fase ninfal, houve 100% de mortalidade quando expostas a 35º C, verificando-se menor valor (30%) a 25º C. A velocidade de desenvolvimento em função da temperatura ajustou-se ao modelo linear da hipérbole. Analisando os dados de exigências térmicas verificou-se que o limite inferior de temperatura (Tb) foi menor para os diferentes ínstares dos machos em relação aos das fêmeas. Os resultados indicaram que as baixas temperaturas prolongaram o desenvolvimento do inseto, e que a temperatura mais favorável foi de 25º C e as mais desfavoráveis foram as de 15 e 35º C.