Biblioteca do Café

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Formas de expressar o rendimento do café, relação entre frutos in natura e grãos beneficiados, em cafeeiros Coffea canephora no Brasil
(Embrapa Rondônia, 2024-01) Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Diocleciano, João Maria
O rendimento do café gera interesse aos cafeicultores dos diferentes estados produtores e de diferentes níveis tecnológicos, esta característica é avaliada e expressa de diferentes formas pelas instituições de pesquisa e pelos cafeicultores. Na pesquisa, o rendimento é comumente expresso em termos percentuais ou pela relação massa/massa (kg). Os agricultores, por sua vez, referem-se a ela por meio da relação volume (litros, sacos ou latas) / massa (kg). Nesta publicação, vamos apresentar as principais formas de expressão do rendimento do café da espécie C. canephora utilizadas no Brasil.
Unraveling the genetic diversity of coffee processing traits in Coffea canephora
(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2024-08-26) Silva, Adriele Nunes Rodrigues; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Moraes, Amanda de Oliveira; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Alves, Enrique Anastácio
With advancements in coffee cultivation, several traits may be considered in selection of plants, which must exhibit a set of favorable characteristics. The outturn index, defined as the relationship between the mass of mature fruit and processed beans, emerges as a key factor influencing productivity. This study characterized the outturn over two harvests of 57 clones marketed in the public domain and 10 registered cultivars. The analysis considers the effects of genotypes, measurements, and genetic progress achieved through plant selection. According to the maturation cycle of each clone, washed samples of cherry coffee were collected considering a completely randomized factorial design for characterization of the effects of genotypes, years, and the genotype × years (GY) interaction. The drying, peeling, and the outturn index were individually assessed. Despite the significant effects of the GY interaction, genotypes demonstrated minimal alterations in their ranking across measurements. Clones with higher outturn, including LB30, BRS1216, LB12, N7, LB10, LB20, BRS3220, and AS5, exhibited an average outturn of 25.51%, reflecting a gain of 12.17%. Conversely, clones with lower outturn, such as BG180, GJ30, GJ20, AS7, AS10, P42, N1, and P60, had an average of 19.15%, indicating a reduction of 14.02% compared to the general mean. Analyzing the distribution of the outturn values, 19.4%, 62.7%, and 17.9% of genotypes were classified as high, medium, and low outturn, respectively, providing valuable insights for optimal cultivation strategies.
Caffeine and chlorogenic acid content of Coffea canephora cultivars in different environments
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-11-19) Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Alves, Enrique Anastacio; Tadeu, Hugo Cesar; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Bizzo, Humberto Ribeiro; Antoniassi, Rosemar; Pacheco, Sidney; Santiago, Manuela Cristina Pessanha de Araujo
Coffee plants of the Coffea canephora species are currently grown in tropical regions throughout the world, and both greater yield efficiency and greater beverage quality are important considerations. The aim of this study is to characterize the content of caffeine and of chlorogenic acids of C. canephora cultivars in different environments. According to the maturation cycle of each clone, samples of cherry coffee were collected from ten cultivars evaluated in the environments of Porto Velho, RO, Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO and Manaus, AM. These environments with contrasting characteristics represent most of the coffee fields established in the Am and Aw climate types in Latossolos Vermelhos and Latossolos Amarelos, typical of the Western Amazon. The results were analyzed considering the factorial design to quantify the effects of genotypes, of environments, and of the genotype × environment interaction (GE) on the caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents. Regardless the significant GE effects, the caffeine and chlorogenic acid content exhibited predominantly genetic control. In comparison to the caffeine, the chlorogenic acid content was more affected by the environment effects, displaying more variations in the genotypes performance across the environments. The significant positive association between the caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents favors the selection of plants that simultaneously have greater or lower contents of both traits. The selection of clone BRS3210 resulted in a selection gain of 14.99% in caffeine content, while the cultivation of the clone BRS3193 yielded a selection gain of 10.81% in chlorogenic acid content. The selection of clone BRS2299 resulted in a reduction of 21.85% in caffeine content and of 9.15% in chlorogenic acid content.
Comparison of fructification efficiency between reciprocal crosses in Coffea canephora
(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2023-10-09) Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Fonseca, Aymbiré Francisco Almeida da; Ferrão, Romário Gava; Volpi, Paulo Sérgio; Verdin Filho, Abrão Carlos; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Riva-Souza, Elaine Manelli
This study aimed to assess and compare the behavior of superior genotypes of Coffea canephora in terms of fruiting capacity using directed hybridizations in a full diallel design with reciprocals.Hybridizations were performed using 12 possible combinations between genotypes 02, 03, 23 and 83 from the Incaper breeding program. High estimates of the genotypic coefficient of determination in terms of the total number of pinheads per cross (TNP) and fruit set (FS) indicated variability of genetic nature. FS averaged 52,27%, ranging from 31,32% to 82,09%, with the higher rates relating to clone 23 as the male parent. Differences were found between reciprocal crosses in the combinations with genotype 23, which emerged as the donor plant with the best fruiting rate, but poor receiving ability. Clone 83 prevailed as the best receiving plant and the least effective donor. In the comparison of these two genotypes, antagonism was observed in their behavior when they were used as pollen-donor plants (male parents) and pollen-receiver plants (female parents), highlighting their possible maternal effect. Crosses involving clones 02 and 03 showed no differences when used reciprocally. The estimates of genotypic correlations were negative for the four associations involving the FS characteristic, being of greater magnitude with TNP.
Grain yield of coffee plants fertilized with different doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation under rainfed conditions
(Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2021-07-12) Torres, Josemar Dávila; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Araújo, Larissa Fatarelli Bento De; Marcolan, Alaerto Luiz; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros
Little is known about the management of high-yield clonal Coffea canephora in the Amazonian Region, mainly for nutritional aspects and cultivation system efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates on coffee grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency of C. canephora trees. An experiment was performed at an experimental field of the Embrapa Rondônia in Porto Velho (RO), Brazil. It was carried out in a split-plot scheme with six doses of 20-00-20 NPK formulation (0; 250; 500; 1,000; 2,000; and 3,000 kg ha-1) and three years of evaluation (2014, 2015, and 2016). An interaction between fertilizer dose and crop year was observed. Fertilizer doses showed an exponential behavior, with maximum yields of 51, 114, and 79 bags ha-1 at 3,000 kg ha-1 in the crop years of 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Such a behavior impacted average and accumulated yields in the three harvest seasons. As for crop year effect within each fertilizer dose, the highest yield was reached in the second harvest after pruning for renewal of orthotropic stems. Moreover, fertilizer use efficiency by plants decreased exponentially, with the highest value at the lowest dose. Increasing doses of 20-00-20 formulation promoted an exponential increase in grain yield but decreased its use efficiency by C. canephora plants. This management also stimulated a strong biannual production.
In vitro pollination and fluorescence microscopy for characterization of gametophytic selfincompatibility of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner
(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2021-11-20) Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Santos, Maurício Reginaldo Alves dos; Lopes, Tatiane Almeida; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba
The objectives of this study were to optimize in vitro pollination and fluorescence microscopy procedures to characterize the gametophytic selfincompatibility of Coffea canephora genotypes. For that purpose, 115 in vitro pollinations were carried out among 30 parent plants of the Conilon (17) and Robusta (13) botanical varieties. Tester plants of compatibility groups I, II, and III were used as pollen grain donors. On the day of anthesis, pollen grains of the donor genotypes were transferred in vitro to one of the sides of the bifid stigma of each receptor flower. After 30 hours, the development of the pollen tubes was evaluated in fluorescence microscopy. Eleven genotypes (37%) were classified in compatibility Group I, thirteen (43%) in Group II, and six (20%) in Group III. In vitro pollination allowed reduction in the time necessary to diagnose compatibility, without exhibiting contamination caused by the presence of pollen grains of non-donor plants.
Desempenho agronômico e análise econômica do cultivo de cafeeiros clonais no estado do Amazonas
(Embrapa, 2022-02) Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Pinheiro, José Olenilson Costa; Cararo, Denis Cesar; Silva, Edson Barcelos da; Diocleciano, João Maria; Rosa Neto, Calixto; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Ramalho, André Rostand; Botelho, Frederico José Evangelista; França, Rosilque Mendes de
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e a viabilidade econômica do cultivo de cafeeiros da variedade clonal 'Conilon - BRS Ouro Preto' no município de Silves, localizado na microrregião de Itacoatiara do estado do Amazonas.
Evaluation of a prototype of soil thermal solarizer for control of gall nematode in the production of coffee seedlings
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2023-02-23) Uchôa, Francisco Paiva; Vieira Junior, José Roberto; Fernandes, Cléberson de Freitas; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Espíndula, Marcelo Curitiba; Rudnick, Vaneide Araújo de Sousa; Silva, Dvany Mamedes da; Freire, Tamiris Chaves; Sangi, Simone Carvalho; Mariobo, Solange Aparecida Rodrigues
In coffee crops at Rondônia State of Brazil, there is an increase in phytonematode epidemics.Since most local coffe nurseries at Rondônia use soil as substrate for seedling production, this work aimed to test the minimum exposure time at 60 ºC to control of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita in soil by means of solar heating, using a solarizer, in an adapted version for better heating perfomance. The used solarizer prototype was built of a wooden box covered with metal sheets, thermal blankets, painted black, with aluminum pipes of 0.5 cm in diameter at the bottom of the box that circulates the water heated by the collector box. The soil was inoculated with a suspension of 1000 eggs + J2 of M. incognita per liter and placed in equipment with a capacity of 150 liters. Exposure times at a minimum temperature of 60 °C were evaluated, with 14 treatments: C1 (non-inoculated and not autoclaved), C2 (inoculated), C3 (non-inoculated and autoclaved) T0’, T15’, T30’, T45’, T60’, T180’, T360’, T720’, T1440’, T2880’ and T4320’ . The temperature was measured every 15 minutes using a skewer-type digital thermometer. The soil was removed according to the exposure time, and placed in 8-liter pots, in which clone 125 and BRS 2357 coffee seedlings, susceptible to M. incognita , were transplanted and growing in a greenhouse for 180 days. The experimental design used was DIC, with 6 replications, each seedling as na experimental unit. Reproduction factor (FR), number of eggs per plant (NOGR) and number of galls per gram of root (NGGR) were evaluated. The FR, NOGR and NGGR variables reduced with exposure time. All treatments showed an effect to control the population of M. incognita in infected soils, with 100% efficacy of pathogen eradication from the T45’ treatment, 60 minutes of exposure is recommended for the production of Coffea canephora seedlings. Taken together, thir work showed the high potential of thr solorizer to contribute in the root-knot nematode control to seedling production.
Resistance of Coffea canephora as a sustainable tool for Meloidogyne incognita control
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2022-12-29) Silva, Dvany Mamedes da; Vieira Júnior, José Roberto; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Rudnick, Vaneide Araújo de Sousa; Fernandes, Cléberson de Freitas; Uchôa, Francisco Paiva; Bastos, Jéssica Silva Felix; Freire, Tamiris Chaves; Sangi, Simone Carvalho; Fonseca, Aline Souza da
Many factors can affect coffee production, such as the root-knot nematode, a soil pathogen that can kill plants up to two years old. In infested areas, the cultivation of resistant genotypes is an economical and ecologically appropriate alternative. The present study aims to evaluate the resistance of Coffea canephora clones to Meloidogyne incognita. Evaluations were carried out in a greenhouse at Embrapa Rondônia (Porto Velho -RO) between September 2019 and November 2020. Genotypes were inoculated with M. incognita in four experiments with six replications with a completely randomized design. Root dry weight (RDW), the number of galls (NG) and the reproduction factor (RF) were evaluated. Eighty-six coffee clones were evaluated, with 50 clones showing resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and 36 clones showing susceptibility. Clones classified as resistant had an average reproduction factor of 0.33 with a range of 0.00 to 0.95, while clones classified as susceptible had an average reproduction factor of 3.48 with an amplitude ranging from 1.02 to 14.46. The number of galls was also higher in susceptible clones than in resistant clones. Considering the ten most cultivated clones, the genotypes GJ8, GJ25, P50, SK80, AS2, P42 and LB10 were classified as resistant, and the genotypes GJ3, GJ5 and SK41 were classified as susceptible. Taken together, the results identify resistant C. canephora clones as an important and sustainable tool for controlling M. incógnita.
New model of clonal garden for the production of robusta coffee plantlets
(Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa, 2022-09-12) Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Araújo, Larissa Fatarelli Bento de; Diocleciano, João Maria; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Dias, Jairo Rafael Machado; Verdin Filho, Abraão Carlos
The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of cuttings of Coffea canephora genotypes, in a new system for training mother plants called “vertical clonal garden”. The proposed new system consists of training coffee plants with only one shoot and without bending the main shoot, so that the secondary orthotropic shoots, from which the clonal cuttings will be taken, are formed across the length of the stem in the vertical direction. The capacity for the production of cuttings of ten hybrid genotypes of coffee plants was evaluated over ten production cycles. The 'BRS 2314', 'BRS 3213', and 'BRS 3210' genotypes showed cutting production per cut of 425,000 cuttings per hectare, considered above the obtained average. The 'BRS 3193', 'BRS 2336', 'BRS 3220', and 'BRS 3137' genotypes were the least productive. Coffee plants trained in the “vertical clonal garden” system can produce about 425,000 cuttings per hectare per harvest period or about 1.275 million cuttings per hectare per year, over three harvest periods, with a greater ease in crop management and treatments.

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